How to Write a Descriptive Observational Essay

Your first task in writing a descriptive essay is to choose a topic that has many interesting parts or qualities to talk about. Unless you have a really vivid imagination, youll find it difficult to write much about a simple object like a comb, for example. Its best to compare a few topics first to make sure theyll work. The next challenge is to figure out the best way to describe your chosen subject in such a way as to relay a complete experience to the reader, so that he or she is able to see, hear, and feel through your words. Organize Thoughts Before Drafting As in any writing, the drafting stage is key to writing a successful descriptive essay. Since the purpose of the essay is to paint a mental image of a specific subject, it helps to make a list of all the things you associate with your topic. For example, if your subject is the farm where you visited your grandparents as a child you would list all the things you associate with that place. Your list should include both general attributes associated with a farm and the more personal and specific things that make it special to you and the reader. Start with general details CornfieldsPigsCowsGardenFarmhouseWell Then add the unique details: That spot by the pig barn where you fell in the manure.Playing hide and seek in the cornfields.Picking wild greens for dinner with your grandmother.The stray dogs that always wandered onto the farm.Scary coyotes howling in the night. By tying these details together you can make the essay more relatable to the reader. Making these lists will allow you to see how you can tie things from each list together. Describing Descriptions   At this stage, you should determine a good order for the objects youll describe. For example, if you are describing an object, you should determine whether you want to describe its appearance from top to bottom or side to side. Remember that it is important to begin your essay on a general level and work your way down to specifics. Start by outlining a simple five-paragraph essay with three main topics. Then you may expand on this basic outline. Next, you will begin to construct a thesis statement and a trial topic sentence for each main paragraph. The thesis sentence should convey your overall impression of your subject. Does it make you happy? Is it attractive or ugly? Is your object useful?Each topic sentence should introduce a new part or stage of your chosen topic. Dont worry, you can change these sentences later. Its time to start writing paragraphs! Beginning to Draft As you build your paragraphs, you should avoid confusing the reader by bombarding them with unfamiliar information immediately; you must ease your way into your topic in your introductory paragraph. For example, instead of saying, The farm was where I spent most summers holidays. During the summer we played hide and seek in the cornfields and walked through the cow pastures to pick wild greens for supper. Nana always carried a gun for snakes. Instead, give the reader a broad view of your subject and work your way into the details. A better example would be: In a small rural town in central Ohio was a farm surrounded by miles of cornfields. In this place, on many warm summer days, my cousins and I would run through the cornfields playing hide and seek or making our own crop circles as clubhouses. My grandparents, whom I called Nana and Papa, lived on this farm for many years. The old farmhouse was large and always full of people, and it was surrounded by wild animals. I spent many of my childhood summers and holidays here. It was the family gathering place. Another simple rule of thumb to remember is show dont tell. If you want to describe a feeling or action you should reinvent it through the senses rather than just state it. For example, instead of: I got excited every time we pulled into the driveway of my grandparents house. Try to elaborate on what was really going on in your head: After sitting for several hours in the back seat of the car, I found the slow crawl up the driveway to be absolute torture. I just knew Nana was inside waiting with freshly baked pies and treats for me. Papa would have some toy or trinket hidden somewhere but he would pretend not to recognize me for a few minutes just to tease me before he gave it to me. As my parents would struggle to pry the suitcases out of the trunk, I would bounce all the way up the porch and rattle the door until someone finally let me in. The second version paints a picture and puts the reader in the scene. Anyone can be excited. What your reader needs and wants to know is, what makes it exciting? Keep It Specific Finally, dont try to cram too much into one paragraph. Use each paragraph to describe a different aspect of your subject. Check to make sure that your essay flows from one paragraph to the next with good transition statements. The conclusion of your paragraph is where you can tie everything together and restate the thesis of your essay. Take all the details and summarize what they mean to you and why it is important.

Fast Food As An Common, Easy Meal - 1661 Words

How many times do you eat fast food in a given week? Is it tough choosing which fast food restaurant you want to go to? What do you order when you are sitting the McDonald’s drive thru? As a college student, with no income, writing papers and taking strenuous tests, I do not have the time or the financial resources to spend ample amounts of money going grocery shopping and cooking a heart healthy meal. A one dollar hamburger from McDonald’s is much more adventitious regarding my financial situation. This busy life style relies on fast food as an common, easy meal. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser associates America’s fast food dependence to the rapid escalation in the number of obese men and women: â€Å"The United States has the highest†¦show more content†¦America has become reliant on fast food as a daily meal, Palo Alto Medical Foundation explains, â€Å" 25 percent of Americans consume fast food everyday† (Ransohoff). One out of four peop le eating at a fast food restaurant on a daily basis is a major contribution to the growing number of obese men and women in America. Consuming high sodium, processed foods that these restaurants pack their products full of, rather than freshly prepared meals is a major contribution to these increasing statistics. The amount of Americans that are obese compared to Asian cultures is astonishing, 30.6% of Americans are obese, compared to 3.2% of Japanese and Koreans† (Medical News Today). The United States percentage of obese being so contrasting in comparison to other countries can be explained merely on food choices and lifestyle. One of the main inclinations that American has a higher obesity related to the fast food we eat, one source shows, â€Å"The McDonald s Chicken McNuggets in the United States have more than twice as much salt as their sister nuggets in the United Kingdom† (Shute). Excess sodium consumption has been directly linked to the increase of cardiovasc ular disease, and type two diabetes, which is usually found within obese men and women. The mere fact that we eat these foods quite often, and our fast food choices are packed with unhealthy nutrients is a defining factor of a fast food nation, which America

Platonic Philosophy Of Christian Theology - 1902 Words

Platonic Philosophy in Christian Theology Plato is undoubtedly one of the world’s most widely read and studied philosophers, as he laid the foundations of Western Philosophy and science—influencing the world generations beyond his time. His influences can be seen in a multitude of subjects—aesthetics, political philosophy, cosmology, epistemology, the philosophy of language, and even theology. Although Plato was Greek, and the Greeks are not inherently Christian, multiple aspects of his philosophy are compatible, even illuminative, of the Christian faith. Another name that will ring a bell of familiarity is St. Augustine—one of the most important and well-known theologians in the history of the Christian religion. As St. Augustine dedicated his life to studying and writing intellectual foundations of Christianity in the West, his established knowledge of the Christian faith credits him with a strong status of influence. Many Christian philosophers, such as Augustine, have been impressed with Plato ’s philosophy and its connection to Christian Theology. Although Augustine never directly read Plato’s work, he did read two of Plato’s followers’ work, Plotinus and Porphyry, in Latin translation, and makes claims of connection between Platonic philosophy and Christian beliefs. In this paper I will first explain the aspects of Plato’s philosophy that are most similar to those of Augustine’s Christianity, and I will describe in what way these are alike and unalike. SpeakingShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Platos Theories on Chrisianity1169 Words   |  5 Pagesone of the founding fathers of Western philosophy. Living from roughly 428 BCE until 348 BCE, Plato’s theories predated Christianity by at least four centuries. Because of this, it can be assumed that early Christian worshippers used Plato’s teachings as a basis for their religion. It is evident that there is a surprising amount of similarities between Plato’s philosophy and early Christianity. By utilizing Plato’s theories and philosophy, early Christians were able to bridge the gap between paganismRead MoreThe Life of A-Ghazali Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesMuslim Theologian, Jurist, Philosopher and Mystic of Persian Decent. He was born in 1058 A.D. in Khorasan, Iran. He received his early education from Baghdad and Nishahpur where he received a high-level scholarship in the field of religion and philosophy. For his efforts, he was made the professor at t he Nizamiyah University of Baghdad, which was recognized as the greatest institute for learning during the ‘Golden Era of Islam’. Belonging to Sunni denomination, Al-Ghazali practiced Shafi jurisprudenceRead MorePlato And Aristotle s Views On Philosophy1107 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the history of philosophy, the thoughts and works of two men have intertwined their way into the philosophers to follow. The two men were followers of Socrates; thus, technically, Socrates can take some of the credit. These two men are Plato and Aristotle. The Platonic and Aristotelian ideas of philosophy are contradicting but equally represented in their influence. Plato believed that to find truth, one must look to the metaphysical world beyond reality. He believed this because he thoughtRead MoreChristianity, A Form Of Religion Based On The Person And Teachings950 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jews to help make them perfect, and usher them into the kingdom of heaven. According to the New Testament writing s, Peter the apostle learned that the gospel was to be constrained to the Jews. 2 He believe that in order for a Gentile to be Christian, they must first convert in Judaism. In doing this, they will entitled that hold the law s that Judaism stand for which include practice s as well as ritual s. During the Council of Jerusalem in 50 AD, it was said that Gentile s would be acceptedRead More Saint Augustine Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesfigure in the development of orthodox Christian doctrine during the early Christian Church. Augustine was born in Northern Africa in AD 354. His father was a pagan and his mother a Christian. Though his parents were not extremely well to do, they had enough money to allow Augustine to obtain an education in the liberal arts. This education will eventually affect how he sees Christianity, especially concerning the use of neo-Platonic ideas in Christian theology. Augustine converted to orthodoxRead MoreHumanist Art And Philosophy Of The Renaissance1774 Words   |  8 PagesHumanist Art and Philosophy of the Renaissance Throughout the ages, people have sought for wisdom and truth through philosophical discovery. The work of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and the other ancient thinkers have bewildered and amazed people through centuries of study and analysis. However, with the shift of time and belief systems, the central focus of the European culture concerned not secular wisdom but divine inspiration, causing for the period we now refer to as the Dark Ages. But as theRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Creation Across The Bible992 Words   |  4 Pagescreation out of nothing was taken out it would have to be replaced by another philosophy all of which are problematic. Pantheism is the idea that God created the universe out of himself; this Philosophy is in Buddhism and many other eastern or new age religions. The theological impact of everything being God would mean He would no longer be holy and that evil is a part of Him. This very clearly conflicts with the Christian doctrine that God is the most holy (1 Samuel 2:2). Plato wrote that theRead MoreThe Existence Of God And The Renaissance Era821 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the medieval period in philosophy, the existence of God was a philosophical topic that was shared by most of the well-known philosophers and theologians of the time. The very name medieval (meaning, the in-between time) philosophy suggests the tendency of modern thinkers to go directly from Aristotle to the Renaissance era. What seems to justify this attitude is the tendency of philosophers during this period to seek truth along with orthodoxy. Most of the medievalRead MoreDualism And The Separation Of Mind And Body Essay2046 Words   |  9 PagesThe word â€Å"dualism† is used in many different aspects. It can refer to the classic Western philosophy in reference to the separation of mind and body or to the idea of separation of divine and human in religion. Religious dualism is also used to explain how two religious systems may relate to each other. Dualism can demonstrate the correlation between two religious or cultural traditions. In this perception, dualism describes the reality in which many people live and it resists an understanding thatRead MoreOverview of The Consolation Essay795 Words   |  4 Pageswork is cast in the form of a dialog with Philosophy, who explains to him the true nature of happiness, why the wicked appear to prosper while the good suffer, and many other difficulties. By the end, Boethius sees clearly the goodness and sovereignty of God. (Section numbers follow t hose in Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy, New York: Penguin, 1969.) Things to Think About as You Read 1. Boethius constructs a harmony between classical and Christian ideas about God and human nature, showing

The Risk Management Process - 1424 Words

THE METHODS OF RISK ASSESSMENT: Risk management process: This process is known as risk management and involves the four steps set out in this code: †¢ Identify Hazards – find out what could cause harm †¢ Assess Risks – understand the nature of the harm that could be caused by the hazard, how serious the harm could be and the likelihood of it happening †¢ Control Risks – implement the most effective control measure that is reasonably practicable in the circumstances †¢ Review Control Measures – to ensure they are working as planned. Risk management is a proactive process that helps you respond to change and facilitate continuous improvement in your business. It should be planned, systematic and cover all reasonably hazards and associated risks. In accrodance with OHS Regulations section 5.1.3-high risk construction work means construction work— (a) where there is a risk of a person falling more than 2 metres; (b) on telecommunications towers; (c) involving demolition; (d) involving the removal or likely disturbance of asbestos; (e) involving structural alterations that require temporary support to prevent collapse; (f) involving a confined space; (g) involving a trench or shaft if the excavated depth is more than 1†¢5 metres; (h) involving a tunnel; (i) involving the use of explosives; (j) on or near pressurised gas distribution mains or piping; (k) on or near chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines; (l) on or near energised electrical installations or services; (m) in anShow MoreRelatedRisk Management Process Is Risk1436 Words   |  6 PagesRisk management is developed in order to reduce the likelihood of possible events that have negative effects for patients, staffs and the organization; to reduce the risk of death and injury or disease for patients, staffs, and others as result of services provided; to improve patient outcomes; to manage resources effectively; and to support legislative compliance and to ensure organizational viability and development. In order to achieve these goals, risk management teams should follow the fourRead MoreRisks Of A Risk Management Process1208 Words   |  5 PagesEvery day businesses face the challenge of being exposed to potential risks. Whether these risks are internal to the company financially, damaged caused to the interior or exterior of the building itself, or lawsuits due to liability losses, businesses have a responsibility to be prepared. There are numerous ways for businesses to protect them selves from possible risks resulting from a loss. Risks may also vary depending on the type of business and operations it conducts. Not all companies will beRead MoreRisk Management Process1617 Words   |  7 Pages4 DESCRIPTION 4 RISK MANAGEMENT FLOW 5 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 6 RISK TRACKING PROCESS 7 Identify Risks 7 Assess and Prioritize Risks 7 Determine Course of Action 8 Review and Monitor Risks 8 RISK MANAGEMENT LOG ENTRY DEFINITIONS 9 PROCESS ASSISTANCE, QUESTIONS, OR RECOMMENDATIONS 10 APPENDIX A: RISK MANAGEMENT LOG 11 Document Overview Purpose The purpose of this Risk Management Process document is: †¢ To provide a framework to track and monitor project risks throughout the projectRead MoreRisk Management Process : Identifying The Risk1234 Words   |  5 PagesThere are five steps of the risk management process: identifying the risk, analyzing the risk, evaluate the risk, treat the risk, and monitor or review the risk (â€Å"What Are the 5 Risk Management Process Steps?†). Step one would be to identify the risk. This step involves finding all the possible potential losses. There are some major issues that can cause a risk in risk management, such as, worker compensation, climate change, and increasing cost. A risk manager can use a variety of information toRead MoreSecurity Risks And Risk Management Process1263 Words   |  6 Pagesand hazards periodically. In order to provide security, the information has to adapt to certain risk analysis and management techniques which has to be done dynamically with the changes in environment. This paper briefly describes about analyzing the security risks and risk management processes to be followed for electronic health records to ensure privacy and security. Overview of Security Risk Management: Security is being free from threats. The term can be used with reference to crime, accidentsRead MoreTechnology And Risk Management Process1297 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Innovation and the â€Å"Change† process have gripped the clinical research Industry in the last few years. Evolution in technology and Risk Management processes consequently lead to release of the latest International Council of harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical practice (GCP) E6 R2 step 4 on Nov 30 2016. Other highlights of the Research Industry are revision to the â€Å"Common Rule† â€Å"to reduce burden, delay and ambiguity for investigators†, the Food and Drug administration (FDA) encouragingRead MoreTechnology And Risk Management Process1299 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Innovation and the â€Å"Change† process have gripped the clinical research Industry in the last few years. Evolution in technology and Risk Management processes consequently lead to release of the latest International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) E6 R2 step 4 in Nov 2016. Change in the Clinical Research landscape also lead to revisions towards modernization and reinforcement of the â€Å"Common Rule† in Jan 2017 besides the Food and Drug administration’s (FDA)Read MoreEssay on The Risk Management Process1896 Words   |  8 PagesRisk Management Process Identify Risk Risk identification, focuses on identifying which risks will affect a project, by looking at the project plan, the work breakdown structure, the project charter and other project related documents (PMBOK, 2008). Broad risk categories are human resources, technology changes, quality and performance issues, customers, vendors, management, funding, political, legal, market forces and environmental issues (PMBOK, 2008). Risk identification involves forward andRead MoreEssay on Risk Management Process1603 Words   |  7 Pages Purpose The purpose of this Risk Management Process document is: †¢ To provide a framework to track and monitor project risks throughout the project lifecycle †¢ Establish roles and responsibilities of all participants in the process Scope This process will be used by the entire project team. As such, this document defines the Risk Management process and flow for a project. Description A risk is any factor that may potentially interfere with a successful completion of a project by havingRead MoreRisk Management Process Section Of Management2300 Words   |  10 Pagesof the Risk Management Process section of the Risk Management Plan based on the facts presented in the case study Risk management process is an important aspect of the organization. There are various threats that may impede the organization’s success. For example, the scenario in the case study may make the company lose a number of loyal customers; hence, reduction in sales revenue. The scope and objectives of the risk management process should be in line with the overall risk management plan. They

America Is A Birthing Ground For Religion - 1708 Words

Historically, American history has been about the diaspora not so much the historical footprint and legacy. Wars have broken out and riots have been caused over that idea alone. That is what makes this country so unique; standing for diversity and intervention for the greater good time and time again. But one thing has persevered since the beginning of this great nation, and that is religion. America is a birthing ground for religion and has provided the safety needed to practice religion in such a way that is against the beliefs of most other countries. The birth of the nation offered religious tolerance, and colonies were created around their own idealistic religious beliefs. But with all good things comes a struggle to get there, and†¦show more content†¦These practices prompted radical puritans to fear these religious traditions that were so unlike their own, condemning blacks and the various ways they expressed hope in oppression. McMillan states, â€Å"As blacks occup ied the lowest rung within society, their ability to survive the ordeals of the witchcraft trials itself indicates something of the perceived power they possessed. The survival of the accusations of witchcraft also demonstrates Blacks’ insignificance in the eyes of the Europeans. This contradiction in categorizing Blacks as both powerless and powerful actually served to empower Blacks in the society of New England.† McMillan asserts his point by divulging into the traditional witchcraft of blacks, the puritan accusations against blacks, and the blame on â€Å"inherently satanic† blacks for sociocultural and economic oppression. At the same time we see the emergence of the Maryland colony, Lord Baltimore is all for religious tolerance amongst the colony. Baltimore analyzes the downfalls of most other colonies and rather than to strictly specify a declared religion amongst the colony, he establishes a strict religious policy. â€Å"The Religious Tolerance Act of 1 649- all colonies are protestant, lord baltimore comes over and starts the catholic church in Maryland†. Maryland stood in contrast to the middle colonies who were mostly composed of quakers and puritans. The quakers were established under

Grief and Healing in The Stone Boy free essay sample

Grief and Healing in â€Å"The Stone Boy† by Gina Berriault Gina Berriault’s â€Å"The Stone Boy† is an intricate examination of a family coping with tragedy. In a key passage of the story, Arnold hides out in the barn as his family goes to search for Eugene. Arnold’s physical separation from his family is symbolic of the emotional distance that escalates through the story, culminating in the strained relationship illustrated in the resolution of the conflict. This passage is crucial to understanding the theme of the story which is that while grief presents itself in many forms, comfort and understanding are essential elements in the healing process and if these basic human needs are not met, grief will manifest itself as an isolating and divisive factor. Arnold’s separation from his family coincides with his increasing sense of culpability revealing the destructive impact of managing one’s grief in isolation. When Arnold’s family discover Eugene’s body, the narrator states that â€Å"sounds sharp as knives were rising from his [Arnold’s] mother’s breast† (387). When Arnold hears the uproar, the narrator describes Arnold as laying â€Å"still as a fugitive† (387). The anguish that Arnold’s mother displays is expressed through the use of a powerful metaphor, describing her screams as â€Å"sharp as knives†, which greatly contrasts Arnold’s response to the tragedy: withdrawal and isolation. A â€Å"mother’s breast† is normally associated with ideas of nurture and comfort, but in this case Arnold cannot seek solace in his mother’s bosom as it is representative of a mother’s heartbreaking loss. Arnold does not vocalise his pain but instead elects to remain in solitude. The conflicting methods of grieving creates a barrier between Arnold and his family as evidenced by Arnold’s decision to lie â€Å"still as a fugitive† rather than rush down to his mother’s side. The narrator’s use of the term â€Å"fugitive† suggests that Arnold feels guilty for what has transpired and is fleeing the judgement of his family. It is commonly accepted that fugitives are criminals living outside of normal communities and Arnold has relegated himself to that lonely status. Arnold’s decision to remain in isolation if his parents neglect to reach out to him suggests that recognition is crucial to the healing process. When Arnold begins to worry that his parents would not call on him, the narrator states that Arnold vows to â€Å"stay up in the loft forever† (387). Arnold’s fear that his parents would not search for him show his desire to be comforted and recognised by his family. However, Arnold does not overtly reach out for comfort on his own, suggesting that the effort must be made from a member of his family. Arnold’s integration into the family is dependent on his parents’ actions, revealed in the ultimatum he reaches. In the absence of such a gesture, Arnold’s isolation causes him to think irrationally by believing he could live in the loft â€Å"forever†. Arnold’s resolve to remain in the loft suggests that he is unable to cope with his grief in an effective manner and only the support of his family would reverse the harsh prospects he imagines. Although Arnold is the one who initiated the physical separation from his family, his need to be called down shows that recognition is essential for him to be able to reunite with his family. In the resolution of the conflict, Arnold’s parents’ acknowledgement of him is initially comforting to Arnold, but then he quickly reverts back to his solitary behaviour, suggesting that the understanding he needed was offered too late and the isolation he experienced has created a divisive force in his household. Arnold’s parents make efforts to reach out to Arnold, such as Arnold’s father sharing the milk pitcher at the breakfast table (394) and Arnold’s mother asking if Arnold had come to her door in the night (395). In response to his parents’ efforts the narrator states that Arnold â€Å"called upon his pride to protect him from them† (395). Arnold lies to his mother regarding the reason he came to her door, and his lie leaves â€Å"his legs trembling from the fright his answer game him† (395). The relief that Arnold experiences when his father extends him the milk pitcher, a symbol of sharing employed by the narrator, strongly suggests that the need for consolation is instrumental in assisting the healing process. However, when Arnold wilfully resists his parents’ attempts to reach out to him and he feels he must â€Å"protect [himself] from them† it is clear that the efforts came too late. Arnold’s emotional distance from his family is subtly shown in the narrator’s use of the objective pronoun â€Å"them† to refer to Arnold’s parents, versus the possessive pronoun, ‘his’. Arnold opts to lie to his mother rather than confess his vulnerability revealing a break in his ties with his family. The fear that this lie instils in Arnold shows that Arnold recognises that the relationship with his family has been irreparably damaged. â€Å"The Stone Boy† portrays a family unable to recognise a son’s abnormal behaviour as a valid reaction to a traumatic event. The story effectively argues that the need for understanding must be met in order to heal, and without that recognition the severity of the grief will only intensify. This analysis does not address the idea of maturation through death and rebirth. Further examination could explore the idea that the death of Eugene instigates a metaphorical death of Arnold’s childhood innocence and Arnold assuming Eugene’s role in the family is representative of rebirth. Works Cited Berriault, Gina. â€Å"The Stone Boy. † 1957. Points of View: An Anthology of Short Stories. rev. ed. Ed. James Moffett and Kenneth R. McElheny. New York: Penguin, 1995. 383-395.

System Engineering SDLC

Question: Write about real world cases that involves organisations that used agile development and how they benefited from it as well as how some organisation failed to succeed using the agile development? Answer: 1. Introduction SDLC is the acronym of Software Development Life Cycle that consists of a series of planned activities that is used in developing the software products. SDLC aims in producing superior quality of software that meets the expectations of the customers and also completes within time as well as within estimated cost budget. There are number of SDLC models such as Waterfall Model, Iterative Model, Spiral Model, and Agile Development Model etc. that are so designed in order to produce superior software products as per the requirement of the customers. Here, each of these models has unique steps that prove both advantageous as well as failures to the different companies. In this assignment, the researcher will be dealing with Agile Software Development along with its working within different organizations. Moreover, the advantages as well as disadvantages of Agile Software Development will also be discussed followed by suitable recommendations. 1.1 Agile Software Development Agile Software Development model is a mixture of both iterative as well as incremental SDLC models that focuses on the development adaptability along with satisfaction of the customers. In Agile method, the software product is broken down into several incremental builds that are given in iterations and hence software is produced in incremental as well as rapid cycles. In this model, each of the iteration last for nearly 1-3 weeks and hence takes into account the various areas such as planning, analysis, designing, coding, testing and acceptance testing. In this model, each and every steps of the development are thereby tested in order to ensure whether the quality of the software is maintained or not. There are several Agile SDLC methodologies that includes Extreme Programming, Scrum, Lean Development, Feature-Driven Development and Dynamic Systems Development Method.Each of the agile methods is unique in nature and thereby shares core values and common vision. The Agile SDLC when deployed by an organization works on several principles such as customer satisfactory, delivery of the software frequently and change in requirements . Moreover, Agile SDLC also have principles that focuses on daily co-operation between developers and business people, simple in nature, self-organized teams and also easy adaptation of the changing circumstances. Agile model is very unique and very specific in their approach and involves continuous planning, testing and altering. Moreover in agile SDLC, the tasks are segregated into small time frames that deliver precise characteristics for a release. 1.2 Working of Agile Software Development within the organizations Agile Software Development is implemented within the organization whenever new changes need to be implemented. The new changes can easily be implemented at low cost and hence very limited planning is required in order to start the project. Agile SDLC works best in those organizations that are dynamic in nature and have the capacity to adapt the change as well as work on the newly accepted environment. Companies like SCH Group in UK previously adopted Waterfall Model that is a 4 step process that included Analysis, Design, Coding and Testing. So, SCH Group focused on the change in quality from Analysis, Designing, Coding and Testing. The detection as well as fixing is done at the end phase of the project during system as well as regression testing. In case of continual improvement, the lessons that are learnt from the previous release were implemented in the next release. Therefore, this made previous release of the software faulty and hence the new software product that is to be released may also cause arise of new problems. Hence, this became a chain process where problems are not resolved totally and hence faults are found out in every software product. SCH Group suffered problem as Waterfall Model never identifies risk and hence in the testing phase, problems arise and steps are taken for removing it. The postmortem of the software is done after the release of the product along with feedbacks is also taken after the product is released. These created huge problems to SCH Group as the product never satisfied the customers since new and changing environment helped in resolving old problems but gave rise to new problems. But when, Agile SDLC method was implemented in SCH Group, and then at any time, the focus was on the quality of all the aspects of SDLC. In order to maintain the quality, the software developers detect the faults in every sprint and fix it accordingly which is followed by stabilization. Moreover, the developers while using Agile SDLC method are also keen in learning sessions from previous sprints and thereby the learned lessons are implemented in the next sprint. This thereby makes the software product free of error and hence satisfies the customers at the time of delivery. The postmortem of the product is thereby done at the end of every sprint and presented to the customers. The customer feedbacks are also taken and hence changes in the sprints are made as per the feedback of the customers. This therefore brought success to SCH Group and hence their software products became easily acceptable by the customers. In addition to this in Waterfall model the ownership change from phase to phase and thereby role to role. The Project Manager is responsible for the whole delivery. But in contrast to this, in Agile SDLC model, the entire team is totally responsible for completion of the whole project that takes into account the analysis, designing, development, testing followed by demo. On the other hand, another example can be cited from Attenda IT Services that previously used Iterative SDLC model but got shifted to Agile SDLC model. When the company adopted Iterative Model the quality was maintained through early detection as well as fixation in order to adopt new features. This was followed by regression testing. When agile model was adopted then in order to control quality, detection and fixation of each of the sprint is done which is followed by stabilization. Moreover, previously when Attenda used Iterative model, the utilization of the resources are totally based on the requirement and need basis. But when agile method was implemented, then everybody in the team was ready to complete any part of it for completing the product successfully. Previously, when Attenda utilized Iterative Model, then minimum number of the resources worked on the analysis as well as design part of the product. The rest resources were engaged on coding as well as testing process. In contrast to this in case of agile method, the whole team is subdivided into small teams where each and every team is totally focused on the completion of all the aspects. Other than this, in case of regression testing, the partial coverage is done during iteration and full coverage is done at the time of stabilization. But in contrast to this when Agile SDLC model was initiated in Attenda, and then the full coverage was done within the sprint. At the time of completion in case of Iterative mode, the Definition of Done (DOD) the analysis and design are done in one phase and development and testing were done in another phase. But in disparity when Attenda used agile model, then DOD is measured by its capability, demonstration as well as delivery to the outside world. Apart from this, the researcher also focused on the failures of the Agile SDLC Model where some of the giant companies like Google have pointed out. Agile SDLC lifecycle is short termed as well as not at all suitable in handling the complex dependencies. Moreover, there are more risks that are comprised of sustainability, maintainability as well as extensibility. Other than this, the agile model is more or less micromanagement in nature. It takes a lot of time in testing each of the sprints and lags behind the time of delivering the products to the respective customers. In addition to this, in Agile Model, it has high charge of false positive rates those trends to turn the good workers into low performers. Google also has mentioned that this model punishes the RD team and therefore hurts the best of best engineers at the same time. This is because, here, there is no room to fail nor have any space to experiment. Kofax had initially undertaken Agile SDLC Model that proved to be a disaster to the company. This is because, since, Kofax is a large company; its projects are comparatively large and complex. So, when Agile Model was used in this, it was seen that the model failed in handling the complex projects. Moreover, since this model strongly depends on the customer feedback and interaction at the end of each of the sprint, so it sometimes proves to be a disaster if client is not clear of the specifications. In addition to this, the model is highly dependent on individuals and hence there is a nominal requirement of documentation. For this reason, new technologies are not transferred to the new team member that later proves quite challenging in carrying out the other projects. Another example can be cited from the company named Micro Focus where implementation of agile model was a failure and needed immediate attention in order to change the model. Though the model involves active user involvement and close collaboration, but it is also necessary to complete the work in specific and given time period. As a result, the agile model fails to deliver the software products in given period of time. Agile requirements are not at sufficient enough and thereby eliminate the effort that is wasted on the deliverables that do not last. Again, since testing is integrated throughout the product lifecycle, the risks of failures reduce which also reduces of exploring new ideas. The cost also increases and hence fresh ideas are never explored that leads to the unexpected increase in time limit. For these reasons, this model failed in Micro Focus since usage of these models made the completion of the products unpredictable as well as increase in cost. 1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Agile Software Development There are several advantages and disadvantages of Agile SDLC model and thereby brought success and failures to different companies when they adapted this model. From the advantageous point of view, one can say that Agile SDLC model is quite transparent that takes into account the resource types as well as resource dedication. This model promotes the business value primarily and gives emphasizes on the functionalities. Moreover, this model also promotes a huge communication between the clients and development team. The collaborative effort of all the team members while completing the software product is one of the greatest strength of this model. Moreover, this model is highly flexible, easily manageable and very less planning is required that makes the model quite advantageous to use. Other than this, the resource requirements are also minimum, acceptance of easy changes and rapid demonstration of the changes also helps organization adopt this model and succeed in using it. On the other hand, disadvantages of this model that brings disadvantage to the model are that emphasis on designing and documentation are lacking. Moreover, the project also sometimes gets tracked off if the customers are not clear on their requirement side. In addition to this, this lifecycle is quite a complicated sales cycle that involves a long time completion of the project along with expenditure of quite a good sum of money. Other than this, the senior programmers are only efficient and capable of taking such kind of decisions that are essential at the time of development. As a result, this model gives no scope to the new programmers to handle the project or work independently. So, flow of fresh ideas is also not flowing within the project completion. Moreover, the clients have different backgrounds and products as well as different learning curves. But application of this model makes the learning curve constant and hence, same methods ate pallid to all the products regardless of the learning of the customers. 1.4 Recommendations As per the advantages and disadvantages, successes and failures that the researcher has discussed in this context, several recommendations can also be done to minimize the effects of the cons of this model. Scopes need to be given in order to explore the new ideas which if failed gives new ways of success. Other than this, the new programmers also need to be given scope to explore the model in order to free flow the new and innovative ways. Moreover, the model should also spend less on testing at every sprint and complete the project in time. This will save both expenditure of money as well as will also save time. Interaction with the clients is necessary but that also should be in limit. Whenever the programmers will be seeing that the customers are not clear of the product and going off the track, it is their responsibility to bring them n track and make them understand what wrong in their idea. 1.5 Conclusion This assignment deals with the Agile Software Development Cycle that is a perfect combo of both iterative model and incremental model that have both pros and cons. The pros are that it is highly transparent, communicable and promotes teamwork as well as cross training. Other than this, this model is easily managed, highly flexible and requires less planning. Therefore, these advantages bring success to the organizations. 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