The Leadership of Prime Ministers Malaysia

THE leaders OF PRIME MINISTERS MALAYSIA Prep atomic number 18d for KRISHNAN A/L NARAYANAN, Tutor of OUM Open University Malaysia Jalan Tun Ismail, 50480 Kuala Lumpur By BONG KEE HONG, Student OUM 381a, Lorong 7a, Jalan Semaba, 93250, Kuching, Sarawak 871019526779001 25 June 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACTPage 2 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Page 3 2. 0 Tun Dr. Mahathir stash a focussing Mohamad 2. 1 backcloth and CharacteristicPage 4 2. 2 Policies Vision 2020 (Wawasan 2020)Page 5 2. 3 scrap and Objective of Vision 2020Page 6 2. 4 The Effect of Economic and complaisantPage 8 3. 0 Dato Sri haji Mohd Najib store Tun hadji Abdul Razak 3. 1 Background and CharacteristicPage 10 . 2 Policies one Malaysia (1Malaysia)Page 11 3. 3 Aspect and Objective of unrivaled MalaysiaPage 12 3. 5 Focusing of Economic and SocialPage 13 4. 0 Comparisons Advantages of some(prenominal) Policies in iodine DevelopmentPage 14 5. 0 CONCLUSIONPage 15 BIBLIOGRAPHIC Page 16 ABSTRACT This report focus on the policies experience out from our indigenous ministers. Malaysia has been led by six prime of life ministers. Among all of them, the two famous policies was introduce by forrad prime minister Tun Dr. Mahathir lay in Mohamad with Vision 2020 and present prime minister Dato Sri Haji Mohd Najib put in Tun Haji Abdul Razak with One Malaysia.Characteristic of both prime ministers bequeath be discussed. This report forget focus on the clinical of each form _or_ system of government and the repugn to archive the name and address. This report likewise bequeath make comparisons both policy advantage in increase consonance among Malaysians. 1. 0 INTRODUCTION Since year 1957, Malaysia indep prohibitence led by our first prime minister Tunku Abdul Rahman. From our first prime minister until present minister (sixth) Dato Sri Haji Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak, many policies has been bring out from each prime minister. Each of the policies is to develop our rural to a new era eith er stinting or brotherlyly.For example, present found minister Dato Sri Haji Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak introduce One Malaysia and forth undercoat Minister Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad with Vision 2020. Each of the prime ministers has their own ability and leadership characteristic to lead our dry land. 2. 0Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad 2. 1 Background and Characteristic Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad born year 1925 in Alor Setar. He did his early and unessential education in his home town. In 1947, he gained admission into the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore. He became active in he United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in 1946. He enter parliament in 1964 by full general election but lose it on 1969. After Tunku Abdul Rahman resigned, Mahathir re-entered UMNO and parliament, and was promoted to the Cabinet. By 1976, he had risen to De commity top Minister. In 1978, he won the Deputy President situation. In 1981 was sworn in as Prime Minister aft er the resig terra firma of his predecessor, Hussein Onn. Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad became the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia on 16 July 1981 and stepped down as Prime Minister on October 31st 2003.He held the post for 22 years from 1981 to 2003, reservation him Malaysias longest serving Prime Minister. His political career spanned al nearly 40 years. As Prime Minister, Mahathir was assign with engineering Malaysias rapid modernization and sparing result, and initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad opened the uncouth to foreign investment, reformed taxation, reduced trade barriers, the privatization of numerous state-owned enterprise, besides creating a world-class physical infrastructure. He also sought to bridge Malaysias ethnic divides by increasing general prosperity.Mahathirs record of hold back civil liberties and his antagonism to western diplomatic interests and economic policy do his relationships with the likes of the US, Br itain and Australia difficult. As Prime Minister, he was an advocate of third-world development. In 1991, he launched the New Development Policy, which emphasized industrial and technical development and the evacuation of poverty. Under Tun Dr. Mahathirs leadership, Malaysia real into one of the most prosperous and dynamic economies in Southeast Asia. invariably with one eye on the future, Tun Dr.Mahathir Mohamad unveiled Vision 2020 in 1991, a blueprint for Malaysias move around to befitting a developed economy and a mature democracy by the year 2020. 2. 2 Vision 2020 (Wawasan 2020) Vision 2020 or Wawasan 2020 is a Malaysian ideal introduced by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 28 February 1991. Prime Minister has presented a paper entitle Malaysia-Melangkah ke Hadapan (Malaysia-Heading Forward) which contains a role model for thinking and a goal to achieve as a developed ground by 2020. The p urpose of this paper is o present forrader you some thoughts on the future melt of our nation and how we should go about to attain our objective of developing Malaysia into an industrialized country. Also outlined are some measures that should be in place in the shorter term so that the foundations erect be move for the long journey towards that ultimate objective. The vision calls for the nation to achieve a self-sufficient industrialized nation by the year 2020, encompasses all aspects of life, from economic prosperity, social well-being, educational world-class, political stability, as well as psychological balance.Vision 2020 is non a specific policy but a reaction to the economic, social and political conditions prevailing at the national and international levels that consume a great challenge to the country. This vision was put forward as a guideline and framework on which approach should be taken in initiating measures for the long journey to be taken by the state. 2. 3 altercate and Objective of Vision 2020 Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad outlined 9 strategic challenges that Malaysia must overcome before year 2020 to achieve Vision 2020. Challenge 1 Establishing a united Malaysian nation made up of one Bangsa Malaysia * Challenge 2 Creating a psychologically liberated, secure and developed Malaysian edict. * Challenge 3 Fostering and developing a mature democratic society. * Challenge 4 Establishing a fully moral and ethical society. * Challenge 5 Establishing a matured liberal and tolerant society. * Challenge 6 Establishing a scientific and progressive society. * Challenge 7 Establishing a fully caring society. * Challenge 8 Ensuring an economically just society, in which there is a fair and equitable dispersion of the wealth of the nation. Challenge 9 Establishing a prosperous society with an economy that is fully competitive, dynamic, robust and resilient. The first issue generate is formation of union persists (Satu Bangsa Malaysia) in our country. Malaysia is a country contains many diametrical works. A sovereign country cannot classify their comm virtuoso by race, ethnicity or skin color. The formation of union races is the prerequisite to achieve vision 2020 because without the idea of nation in multitude mind, any form of cooperation testament not go forward. The term like national unity, loyalty to country, accord and tolerance must be understood and practiced time by time.Second issue is the countries consider a developed nation term if they can manage to change the pattern of economic from farm to be an industrial life. Vision 2020 requires populate to continue transform since independence because the present achievement is still in the middle of the requirement. The reason of transformation slower because this process involves not only the transformation from farming to industrial life but it also involves changes in technology, economic, social and cultural. The skills and expertise in science and hi gh technology community are classic to developed countries.They not only can copy or convert from others but they must be able to create and update. It is certainly related to the contribution of trade and commercial sectors and directly involves capital, investment, competitiveness, quality of employment, independence and consistency challenges. In this stage, the role of the private sector is enormous because it testament be the main growth. Social and economic rightness also one of the important issue go past in achieving Vision 2020 and the most harder part to united and developed nation.This is because in a developed country should not make believe a big wealth gap between their passel. This vision statement is to work on the issues study concern like socio-economic balance between people, between regions, between states or between urban and rural areas. The passion to achieve this balance was subsequently translated into the national development policy objectives and implemented through and through programs and projects of the Sixth Malaysia Plan. The forth issue are moral and ethics society. The conceit of the developed countries is characterized by a materialistic but our Vision 2020 is to uilt a developed countries style ideally guided by the ism of high morals and ethics based on religious beliefs. High philosophy of moral is important for material advancement because without moral set and ethics get out not create peace and consonance society. Practice of moral value (as in the policy application of Islamic Values) will be the cozy barrier that does not abuse the skills or wealth. Families form the basis of society and society will be the basis of nation-building. This means that the strength and progress of a country started on families and communities.Family and the community will figure out the quality of individuals who are either national or leaders of a country. The socialization encompasses values and the way to desired go als in this vision should be driven from the outset. This requires people to realize the importance of family institutions in developing countries and take necessary steps to create a family and the perfect society. 2. 4 The Effect of Economic and Social Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad was making Malaysia economy grew strongly and the name of country outshine internationally.Throughout his 22 years of leadership Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad who knew as Asia Little Giant by western country leading in Malaysia. During his term as Malaysia Prime minister, he turned Malaysia into a regional high-tech manufacturing, financial, and telecommunications hub through his economic policies based on bodily nationalism, known as the various Malaysia Plans which set out the government middle-term objectives. These policies remained in effect almost to the end of his tenure in office.The example of his projects have included Perwaja Steel, an attempt to emulate South Korea and Japan, the Proton car company, an d Astro, a satellite television service. He is credited with spearheading the phenomenal growth of the Malaysian economy, now one of the largest and most powerful in South East Asia. Growth between 1988 and 1997 averaged over ten percent and beliefedness standards rose twenty-fold, with poverty almost eradicated and social indicators such as literacy levels and infant mortality rates becoming on par with developed countries.During the leader of Mahathir, he done many contribution to our Mayalsia, for example, the North-South Highway, which has cut hold times in half on the west coast of Malaysia the Multimedia Super Corridor Port of Tanjung Pelepas the appear Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) in Sepang, and an adjacent Formula One circuit the Bakun Dam, meant to supply all of the electricity needs of the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak Olympic-class stadium in Bukit Jalil and the Petronas Twin Towers, the tallest twin towers in the world, and the worlds talle st building from 1997 to 2003, that have sustain symbolic of modern Malaysia. While such projects have their benefits, corresponding high costs have made some Malaysians reluctant to engage in more of such ventures, believing that the money can be better spent on other areas of development. On the other hand, Mahathir has always argued that such projects chip in a direct return to the economy, apart from just serving the national pride, as government disbursement in turn creates jobs along with other multiplier effects. 3. 0 Dato Sri Haji Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak 3. 1 BackgroundDato Sri Najib, the eldest son of Malaysia second Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak Hussein, was born 23 July 1953 in the district of Kuala Lipis, Pahang. He receive his primary education at St Johns Institution and continued secondary education at the Malvern Boys College, Worcestershire, England. Upon completion of his secondary education, Dato Sri Najib enrolled at the University of Nottingham and graduated in 1974 in industrial economics. Dato Sri Najib joined the national oil company, Petronas, as an before he taking the chances into politics in 1976. Dato Sri Najib win an election with unopposed as Member of sevens at the very young age of 23. Dato Sri Najib was appointed the Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications nd Posts and also served as Deputy Education and Deputy Finance Minister. In the 1982 general elections, he stood in the state seat of Bandar Pekan and was subsequently appointed the Menteri Besar of Pahang until 1986. In 1990, Dato Sri Najib was appointed Defence Minister, a senior position deep down the government by the Prime Minister, Dato Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad. In 1995, Dato Sri Najib was appointed as Ministry of Education. During the 1999 general elections, Dato Sri Najib received a major majority votes. Following the elections, he was appointed Defence Minister for the second time and preceded with the modernization of the gird Forces wh ich came to a halt following the financial crisis of 1997.In 2004 general elections which came a few months after Dato Sri Najib elevation as the Deputy Prime Minister, him winning his parliamentary seat majority. He remained as Defence Minister until family 2008 when he took over as Finance Minister in 2008 from Dato Seri Abdullah. Prime Minister of Malaysia Dato Sri Mohd Najib was appointed as Malaysias 6th Prime Minister on 3 April 2009 but he still holds the Finance Ministry post. He succeeded Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi who did not seek reelection as Umno President. 3. 2 One Malaysia (1Malaysia) The one Malaysia conception comes from Dato Sri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, the sixth Malaysia prime minister.This concept complementary approaches are available for strengthen unity to ensure stability, to progress and higher development of the people and Malaysia. One Malaysia having a slogan People First, Performance Now, this concept fulfils the intakes of Malaysians in line with the tr yst enshrined in the Federal Constitution and National Principles. The slogan People First, Performance Now is a concept in administration that suggests government leaders execute their tasks efficiently, trustworthily and responsibly for the sake of the people. To achieve development for the country, the people must progress first and this begins with creating an attitude of espousal among the different races that will lead to unity.Globalization wills raises many victims insulate from the speed of development. Malaysia having different races and religion, we need to act as one race, Malaysia race towards a same goal to built Malaysia progressive and peaceful. The One Malaysian concept seeks to strengthen relationship and cooperation among racial-ethnic people in this country as the main instrument to thwart the various threats and challenges that aim to threaten and disrupt the sanctity of their lives. One Malaysia emphasize attitudes among people understand races, in which peop le receive a unique race other patch so that we may live in concert in peace mutual consider as citizens of a country.Our foundation is the principle of justice for all races, which means that the fate of all races will be taken care of, and none will be marginalized. Justice must take into enumerate the status of the progress of the generations are at different levels. One Malaysia is the continuation of nation-building agenda. The pre-condition to achieve developed country by Vision 2020, the most important condition is that country citizens united strong and stable. 3. 3 Objective of One Malaysia One Malaysia concept is having 2 main objectives, implementation of core element blend and application of the aspiration values. The first objective implementation of core elements blend, government try to applying elements of unity as a enculturation and practice of all Malaysians.The thrust of this unity is the basic component that strengthens the unity among people of all races. U nity is supported by the core values that should underpin the way Malaysians live. there will be 3 main core unity apply to achieve objective. First, acceptance, one Malaysia emphasize acceptance of the attitude of people of all races, in which a people accepted the uniqueness of the others so that we can live together in mutual respect as a people of one nation. It is a significant join on from just tolerance. Secondly, all races Malaysia learn from the based national principles federal constitution and rukunegara. The last core unity is social justice.All people would be taken care of and no one will be marginalized. This justice must take into account the standards of the races are at different levels. Therefore, government policies and the provisions of the Constitution which gives the defence the needy will continue to be implemented. The three core unity is supported by values. The values are respect, humility, simplicity and being language. The second objective will be ap plication of the aspiration values. These values are founded on the concept of aspiration 1Malaysia there are the values that should be on a progressive and dynamic community that will drive the country towards achieving developed nation status.Aspiration values will help in creating a workforce that is viable and able to compete in the global purlieu and in turn help boost the national economy to a more sturdy and robust. There will be 8 aspiration value, among there are high performance culture, culture accuracy, culture knowledge, integrity, perseverance, loyalty, wisdom and innovation culture. 3. 4 Focusing Economic and Social Our present Prime Minister Dato Sri Haji Mohd Najib since year 2009 has introduce many economic policies among them, the most famous are new economic baby-sit, economic liberalization, reform of government subsidies, free trade agreement and stimulus package.The goal of new economic model was transform Malaysia economic become high income and quality growth by 2020. By 2020 Malaysia will not only have the GNI per capita of a high-income economy, it will also have a number of the key characteristics of a high-income economy. To achieve the goal by 2020, transformation team PEMAMDU try to increase the service sector account from 58% of gross domestic product in 2010 to 65 percent in 2020. The domestic consumption will be a key driver of growth because private sector will account 59% of GDP by 2020 canvas to 54% in 2010. This situation will bring Malaysia as a developed economic country as well as Taiwan and New Zealand.The structure of economic Malaysia will be less dependence on option-intensive industries such as oil and gas exportation. Malaysia will become more urbanized country because the population will increase from 64% to 70% growth in main city, Kuala Lumpur. The achievement prove that our country is in the way to the goal while greater Kuala Lumpur will be a primary engine of economic growth, there will also be growth opportunities elsewhere in the country such as the development of the solar industry in Sarawak, the development of a global biodiversity hub to attract more tourists to Sabah and the commercialization of paddy farming and improvements in palm oil yields.Malaysia will have grown a number of new national and regional champions by 2020. These companies will drive long-term growth in areas including financial services, business services and healthcare. In addition, SMEs will routine a more significant role across the economy. For instance, in education, agriculture and electronics and electrical, SME participation will be actively encouraged through financial support, better access to research and technologies and improving infrastructure. 4. 0 Comparisons Advantages of twain Policies in Unity Development The advantage of One Malaysia is the idea of harmonizing the various races in the country without changing the identity of these groups.The first challenge in vision 2020 establis hing a united Malaysian nation made up of one nation Malaysia. One Malaysia remains the characteristic of each races and unity our nation. Both of the polities is toward to the unity our races but One Malaysia only specified it to remain the specifically of each races. Both of them having advantage compare to the concept of Malaysian Malaysia is a policy that continues to thwart the basis of the existing social structure. Justice proclaim in the concept of Malaysian Malaysia taken blindly. Unity is described by One Malaysia very different from the concept as practiced in other countries where ethnic identity is removed and replaced with a sympathetic national identity.As we know our county contains different ethnic with different culture. Concept One Malaysia press on acceptance that our entire nation should accept others culture and characteristic. The Challenge number 4 in vision 2020 that establishing a fully moral and ethical society. These make sure our society will respect others ethic morally. Both of the policies create peaceful society to unity our nation. Concept 1Malaysia appreciates and view the principles of the Constitution and ruku negara. The ethnic identities of each ethnic group in Malaysia and regard them as assets to be sublime of. But Vision 2020 more on fostering and developing a mature democratic society.This will give vice from each group of ethic to voice out and protect their right. Both of the policies bring unity to our country but just in a different ways. In Vision 2020, the challenge number right ensuring an economically just society, in which there is a fair and equitable distribution of the wealth of the nation. This is the justice more on the economic way to unity our nation. In Concept 1Malaysia also emphasizes the integration and the creation of nation Malaysia on the third core unity concept social justice. Both of the policies is unlike the Malaysian Malaysia is limited to equality regardless of the reality and histo ry of Malaysia. 5. 0 ConclusionAt first glance seem to Vision 2020 is a purely economic vision as it concerned the question of economic development for Malaysia to become an industrialized nation, but if it is actually more refined than that because it touches on matters related to social aspects and ways of life such as the formation and the nature of race, morality and ethics, national culture, human resource development and others. Vision 2020 is not a slogan proclaimed, but it is a framework for action framework of action for every citizen to take measures and ensure that Malaysia become a truly prosperous and progressive. In this background the vision requires a number of important challenges, including the quality of ork produced by the education system, changes in attitudes and values, emphasis on scientific and technological circumstances, planning, and the role of the private sector more dynamic. 1Malaysia concept brings the aspiration to strengthen race relations to ensu re that Malaysians can forge closer unity as outlined. Things should be created in the spirit of solidarity is the sense of mutual respect and trust between people. People need to understand and practice that all actions necessary to satisfy the national interest. All people need to assume that they are Malaysian race where everything should be enjoyed together. Malaysia is a country where there is no society or people who are marginalized from enjoying the development and defense of the government.Indeed, all people should be the underlying fundamental principles of togetherness and belonging to the success of both policies concept. Bibliography Hasnah Hussiin, Dr Seri Lanang Jaya Hj Rohani. (2008). Malaysian Studies. Malaysia Meteor Doc. Sdn. Bhd. Mohamad, T. D. (1996). Wawasan 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from Wawasan 2020 http//www. wawasan2020. com/ N. A. (2008, November 14). Perspektif Wawasan 2020. Retrieved June 15, 2011, from 1 Klik http//pmr. penerangan. gov. my/index. p hp/component/content/article/88-dasar-dasar-negara/255-perspektif-wawasan-2020. html Razak, D. S. (2009). 1 Malaysia. Malaysia Pejabat Perdana Menteri.