A Golden Age: 1960s

The 1960s era, commonly referred to as the â€Å"Golden Age†, represents a fascinating turning point for economic and post war policies world over. It was a decade stretch that lasted soon after the Second World War to initial oil crisis that began in 1973.Recognized economists, politicians and senior government officials have deliberated upon the socio-economic policies and their consequences during that period.There has been much speculation concerning whether there were errors in the 1960s economic policies that could have contributed to the great inflation of the 1970s. Key players’ roles in that era’s major economic decisions are scrutinized to establish their positive and negative contributions to the great economic boom and the negatively perceived inflation.Some of these figures included Lord O’Brien who was the Bank of England’s Governor between 1966 and 1973. The considerations were both from an official or a political position held by the individuals.However, even with the inflation, the 1960s decade seem to be an economic golden age as viewed from the 1990s perspective due to the major economic reformations and inventions that took place during the period. It is in this respect regarded as an economic apogee whose high/crest preceded the tribulations decent that followed. National income’s growth rate was faster than ever in history (Jason, 2001, p.45).The unemployment level in Britain for example remained below 2.5% of the total labour. In many instances, it remained below 2%, far much below the proceeding two decades. For most of this golden decade, the inflation averaged below 4% even though it was a reason for major concern especially as it rose to between 5-6% in and within the last 2 years of the decade.The 1967 balance of payments devaluation particularly led to surplus that was very healthy after it was affected to abide to post war years problems.Generally, 1960s is regarded as a social and economic policy experimental period where major innovations took place and resulted to admirably noteworthy economic revolutions. In Britain for example the endless departures successions in the countries fiscal policies including gains in capital tax, regulatory tax, selective employment and corporation tax were major economic factors on the one side of the ledger whereas grants on investments and regional employment premiums comprised the other (Diller, 1995, p.23).The National Plan and the National Economic Development Council were the major economic organs of the government that attempted to accelerate the economic growth rate especially through the use of long successive experimentation of income policies to control inflation.Industrial restructuring was done through the industrial reconstruction corporation as a concerted effort to have an overhaul of the industrial. The 25% premium surrender on investment currency on temporary surcharged imports played a vital role in the balance of payments operations as efforts were made to join the European Community.Other methods included opening of new universities as well as relaxation of procedures of Open University Learning system. This was facilitated by relaxations in the â€Å"permissiveness† law.However, the golden age survivors usually do not see back to it with any particular individual resounding success. Most of them don’t have the feeling that they had singularly been carried or blessed for the successes but are sometimes retrospective on the fact that this period was also characterized by crises especially the balance of payments crisis.Notably, the long uncertainties of currency, the 1968 catastrophic prediction of the following years and the long deferred 1967 devaluation to reduce difficulties in the balance of payments were some of these crises. And several years later, a number of the 1960s experiments were abandoned (Caircross, 1992, p.13).Furthermore, the 1990s reappearances of difficulti es in the balance of payments may perhaps revive the experiments and crises of the 1960s.Considering for example the narrowly fixed exchange rate limits within the European monetary system, and the external deficit that is enormously increasing, the temptation to revert to the golden age policies and innovations is quite strong. Britain’s dilemma comes from an inclination of great magnitude of restoring her competitive power.Other countries of the world have also experienced these difficulties as well although different world industrial economies experience substantiated differential effects.This is especially considering the fact that continental countries had a faster growth rate as compared to the UK but in the 1950s they grew less fast than the UK did. All countries therefore had their unique problems.Paris experienced riots and a strike that almost brought the government down early in 1968, between 1969-70 Germany suffered a great inflation than at any other time after t he war whereas French franc devalued within one year after the sterling pound and again towards the end of the golden decade (Stuart, 1999, p.32).

Marketing Samsung Essay

The transformation from a low end to a world class company, Samsung has grown with an electrifying portfolio. ’Next is what’ tag line for all the Samsung mobiles defies its competitors,making them strive more to compete. The underpinning business orientation aids the company to play the market race easily. The coordination between the products and sales is balanced and composed that the net sales mend at a high speed. Samsung targets to capitalize profitability by ensuing an effective marketing mix. A healthy competition is always considered to be one of the most attractive driving sources to triumph. Samsung faces several industrial aspirants, but is significantly distinguished with its marketing management tasks. The company follows a core strategy to keep glowing in the sprint. Superior performance through differentiation providing consumer value, managing lowest deliver cost acts as the imperative competitive advantages. ? The direct competitor targets for Samsung are, Put the companies name like iphone, nokia†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ all its important competitors logo Samsung has a strong infrastructure with all the necessary requirements, producing wide range of well recognized products globally. The company puts its higher investment on R&D, thereby building technologically driven niche products. It establishes a brand value , providing greater yields than its competitors. The fast changing company entices young brains by providing fascinating pay, bonuses and incentives as a token of recognition. Samsung has large resources as a powerful work force, who are given full freedom to explore and innovate advancement in technologies and development. The business targets the specific market and creates a revolution, with its high margin products all over the world. With joint investments, the business is customer and market oriented. The brand power creates value chain that integrates competencies of all areas.Samsung positions itself as the digital technology leader, contends with other leading companies by appointing Olympic gold medalist Abinav Bindra and Actor Aamir khan, as its brand ambassador for it consumer electronics business and mobile phones respectively. Samsung meets every challenge, with high investment, with expertise in technology and marketing. Internally, Samsung maintains its own controlled strategy to stay competitive.

Are Electronic Medical Records a Cure for Health Care?

Case Summary Healthcare is a major topic in the media, and how it affecting people all over the country. The government has implemented laws and policies to ensure that individuals can receive the proper medical attention, and has made healthcare affordable for American that are not able to pay out of pocket for services provided. This action by the government has caused a surplus in patients seen by healthcare providers, which in return has increase the paperwork associated with business practices.As a result, providers are implementing systems such as Electronic Medical Records to ensure that patient records are accurate and accessible for multiple providers for proper diagnosis. Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems are systems that provide â€Å"information about one’s life-long health condition and health care behavior which are on the basis of electric management. The records contained in the system have been constructed to take the place of paper medical records as the main information sources in medical care† (Chen, Wang, & Zhang, 2010).As in any system, developers must understand how to integrate information to ensure that the system in capable function properly, and providing users with information requested by incorporating business intelligence into the implementation process. Business Intelligence (BI) enables developers to clearly state what is needed throughout the entire organization, and simplifies the implementation process during implementation deployment and administration. Implementing and integrating EMR systems is costly, but it is necessary for healthcare providers to adopt systems as this to ensure accuracy, errorless information. . ) What management, organization, and technology factors are responsible for the difficulties in building electronic medical records systems? Explain your answer As technology rapidly emerges, businesses are required to adopt new practices to maintain and streamline processes. Electronic medi cal records systems have surfaced to eliminate inefficiency, errors and cut enormous spending. Organizations must strategically implement and interact with agencies outside of its walls to integrate EMR systems into it infrastructure.Healthcare management, insurance agencies, the government and technology advances have all played a major role in the delay of the creation of a global EMR system. The Government’s involvement in the implementation of EMR system is critical. In 2009, $19 billion was granted through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 to encourage doctors and hospitals to install and use electronic health records (EHR’s) which is a fundamental component of EMR systems (MacKinnon & Wasserman, 2009). Without government funding, it would be merely impossible for organizations to implement and adopt ERM systems.Expensive systems are usually frowned upon by organizations, for that reason the government must intervene to ensure improved speed and a ccuracy of data sharing, reporting, and planning. Healthcare providers are becoming overbooked and the paperwork is overwhelming. Adopting technology is necessary in the healthcare profession to handle daily workloads. The cost of implementing systems to fit the needs of the organization is the leading factor that causes providers to resist the integration and incorporation of EMR systems. IT developers are also high involved in the implementation of systems for hospitals and healthcare providers.Investing in the EMR system is costly, but the failure to implement EMR systems is often contributed to developers ignoring stakeholders’ needs in the hospital (Su, Fulcher, Win, Chiu, & Chiu, 2008). 2. ) What stages of system building will be the most difficult when creating electronic medical record systems? Explain your answer With advances in technology, organization must continually upgrade current systems to ensure that the system’s capabilities are functional. One of th e most difficult stages in the implementing of EMR system is the sharing of information between different systems.One of the essential purposes of an EMR system is to collaborate and store patient information that can be accessed by multiple providers. Utilizing what is known as an electronic patient records system or (ERP) is an electronic structure for the maintenance of information about the health condition and the care received by someone all his/her life (Vilar & Boudoux, 2002) . Some institutions that implement systems using ERP could actually face problems due to HIPPA laws when making information available to other sources. Being able to provide information nationally could cause major problems for organizations utilizing as well.Providers have issues with privacy with information be easily accessible. Protection of information is vital, and developer must be able to control access and information that is provided through EMR systems. Christa Teston in her article, Investig ating usability and â€Å"meaningful use† of electronic medical records, â€Å"A wide-ranging survey of healthcare providers and patients resulted in negative attitudes from a rather substantial minority of participants about the secondary use of de-identified health information† (Teston, 2012). 3. Describe the application of business process management to the design of an electronic medical record system Within an EMR system, careful database management is needed to store relative and historical information. EMR systems implementations â€Å"require a significant investment in money and time, as well as process change and training, all of which carry a great deal of risk for the organization† (MacKinnon & Wasserman, 2009). The implementation of any system requires strategic planning and proactive approaches to management, and business processes.There are design-related issues that many developers struggle with during the implementation process such as privacy, efficiency, accounting, and noise from data (Teston, 2012). EMR sharing system unified data structure enables the complete exchange of medical information within the hospital encompassed by a particular region. The organizational structure of hospitals can be directly mapped to share electronic medical record system, to simplify the management of permissions.For that purpose, developer must strategically plan to implement a strong security measure for the system. Security implementation within the EMR system requires users such as providers, staff, and manager, to all obtain a registered certificate that enables access to the system (Chen, Wang, & Zhang, 2010). 4. ) Describe the importance of business intelligence and analytics capabilities in the design of an electronic medical record system Understanding technology and the needs of the users plays a vital role in implementing any system.Proactively implementing systems that is readily able to adapt to future technology upgrades re quires developers to have intensive knowledge of the industry practices and technology evolvement. Business Intelligence (BI) is used to describe applications and technologies that are collaborated to provide access to analyze data and information about an enterprise, in order assist with business decisions (Wu, Barash, & Bartolini, 2007). Data warehousing is one application that is used in the implementation of an EMR system, and is also considered traditional form of business intelligence.The main goal of BI is to â€Å"provide a single vision for an entire organization; to simplify system implementation, deployment, and administration; and to deliver strategic, tactical, and operational knowledge and actionable insight† (Wu, Barash, & Bartolini, 2007). Reference Chen, Q. , Wang, Z. , & Zhang, W. (2010). Security Design for Electronic Medical Record. Intenational Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Computer Science, (pp. 1-4). doi:10. 1109/ICBECS. 2010. 5462307 MacKinn on, W. , & Wasserman, M. (2009). Implementing electronic medical record systems. 2nd Hawaii Intenational Conference on System Science (pp. 50-53). Waikoloa: IEEE Computer Society. doi:10. 1109/HICSS. 2009. 349 Su, Y. -Y. , Fulcher, J. , Win, K. T. , Chiu, H. -C. , & Chiu, G. -F. (2008). Evaluating the implementation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Systems. IEEE 8th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops, (pp. 589-594). doi:10. 1109/CIT. 2008. Workshops. 45 Teston, C. (2012). Investigating Usability and â€Å"Meaningful Use† of Electronic. 30th ACM international conference on Design of communication, (pp. 27-232). New York. doi:10. 1145/2379057. 2379101 Vilar, G. , & Boudoux, C. (2002). The Medical Information Management System (SIGIM) – Elaboration of an Electronic Patient Record -. Proceedings of the Second Joint EMBSBMES Conference, (pp. 1954-1956). Houstin. doi:10. 1109/IEMBS. 2002. 1053112 Wu, L. , Barash, G. , & Bartolini, C. (2007). A Service-oriented Architecture for Business Intelligence. IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing and Applications, (pp. 279-285). doi:10. 1109/SOCA. 2007. 6

An investigation weather the Nintendo Wii attract females more than Essay

An investigation weather the Nintendo Wii attract females more than males - Essay Example Using a purposive sample of 107 Nintendo Wii gamers, the present study suggests that males are more likely to be attracted to using or playing the Wii more than their female counterparts, as attested to by their higher ratings on beliefs, subjective norms, and behavioural intentions. They concurred only on one subscale, which is perceived behavioural control, suggesting agreement that there is adequate control on excessive use of the Nintendo Wii. On the Theory of Reasoned Action, it was found that males tended to give higher ratings on the beliefs, subjective norms, and behavioural intentions that are related to the use of the Nintendo Wii. ... Students’ gender differences in their response to technology use have been identified and explained by many researchers who have had varying results in their studies. For instance, in a study by Vasil, Hesketh, and Podd (1987), it was found out that females do not prefer being involved in technological activities and that they are less participative in technology-related events compared to males. Gender differences have also been evident in the use of the Internet and the computer in general as findings of Shashaani (1997) showed how boys take more interest in computers compared to girls. Nonetheless, Internet usage has become common not just among males but among females as well. Computer games, meanwhile, have been obtaining a great deal of attention than previous years as a source of pleasure and enjoyment among young individuals. The gaming industry along with well-accepted media has recognized the usage and play of women when it comes to digital games (Beasley and Standle y 2002). The increasing popularity of video games and the improved sales of game titles may point out that members of the female population have taken part in the expanding gaming audience. Previous research about females and their associations with video games has mainly been divided into two main areas- the assessment of female representations in video games (Heintz-Knowles and Henderson 2002), and the surveys or interviews conducted among female players with regards to their interests, level of play, and overall thoughts about video games and the gaming culture in general (Yates and Littleton 2001). A number of studies on virtual games suggest that

Higher Education in Qatar Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Higher Education in Qatar - Research Paper Example The Sheik is a capable man eager to set the state in continuous motion of self-independence and sustainability in the future should the oil and gas become extinct. In this case, the generation thus created will be able to stand on its feet and enhance innovation through education (Fromherz, 2012). Not only is this the main factor and project, but also the principal transformation through policies geared to motivate research and technology in production sectors. The country being limited by the amount of rainfall cannot thus depend on agriculture, but has come up to be a rich mine of the gas and oil which are the main sources of per capita income and which has now been used to better the education sector in order to raise a generation that can fend for itself in the near future. Qatar National Development Strategy 2011-2016 was implemented towards the achievement of Qatar National Vision 2030. The Vision aims to create sustainable economic prosperity, promote human development, creati ng a sound social development and sustaining the environment for future generations (Zellman, 2007). The national strategy is one of the key issues that take into consideration the cultural and religious values of the state with an overall mission of providing a balanced and sustainable growth by the year 2030 (Davis, 2012). Among the key elements that the government factored to be used as a tool for sustainable development was education which was to be made available to all citizen and foreigners cheaply (Boys, 2011). To achieve continuous modernization requires the development of the education system and public institutions which aim at providing quality management and services to the general... Qatar National Development Strategy 2011-2016 was implemented towards the achievement of Qatar National Vision 2030. The Vision aims to create sustainable economic prosperity, promote human development, creating a sound social development and sustaining the environment for future generations (Zellman, 2007). The national strategy is one of the key issues that take into consideration the cultural and religious values of the state with an overall mission of providing a balanced and sustainable growth by the year 2030(Davis, 2012).Among the key elements that the government factored to be used as a tool for sustainable development was education which was to be made available to all citizen and foreigners cheaply(Boys, 2011). To achieve continuous modernization requires the development of the education system and public institutions which aim at providing quality management and services to the general public. The aim of the National Strategy is also to highlight the key areas to address t he position of the state in global economic trends and clearly state the roles to be played to enhance both regional and international levels of production. Chapter four of the strategy provides for the human development and highlights the critical issues with regard to education. The main focus here is to realize Qatar National Vision 2030 for education and training, addressing education issues, improving K-12 general education, enhancing higher education, as well as scientific research.

Florence v. Board Of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Burlington Essay

Florence v. Board Of Chosen Freeholders of the County of Burlington - Essay Example He was also ordered to lift his genitals and finally take a shower. The Respondent spent six days at BCJ before he was transferred to the Essex County Correctional Facility, the second Respondent. At Essex, the Respondent alleges that he went through another strip search, which entailed the removal of clothing, opening his mouth, squatting, lifting his genitals, coughing, and showering in the full glare of officers. The charges brought against Florence were dismissed after he arrived at Essex, and the Petitioner was released from the correctional facility. Florence filed suit against the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Burlington and Essex on July 19, 2005 on behalf of detainees booked for minor offences at the two correctional facilities since 2003 that underwent strip searches. He alleged that the search policies of the facilities executed on a general basis violate the search and seizure protection outlined in the Fourth Amendment. A District Court issued a summary judgment to the petitioner, a former detainee in the 42 U.S.C.S. Â §1983 action filed against defendant jail officers in which he alleged violations of Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments. The District Court decided that strip searches on non-indictable offenders without reasonable suspicion are a violation of the Fourth Amendment. The defendants appealed the decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, where the District Court’s decision was reversed. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit granted Certiorari. The Court reached the conclusion that the chances of a prisoner possessing contraband cannot effectively be determined based on the arrestee’s history or the severe nature of current offences. The Court gave the example of Timothy McVeigh’s arrest in which a person who commits a minor offence is capable of serious violence. Moreover, correctional facilities have

The World is Spiky by Richard Florida Assignment

The World is Spiky by Richard Florida - Assignment Example They are spreading all over the globe and those countries that are able to access these advances are putting their mark on this globe. This is a phenomenon synonymous with modern world. He also asserts that education plays an important role in further flattening the ground and there is need to set the bar high for leaders as other players re overtaking. Evidently, the assertions put by Thomas are true. They are based on the current observation. However, there are details left out such as the progress of the technological leaders during the time others were catching up. Robert Florida puts forth that people with talent are being attracted to areas which are renowned for technological progress and output. The potential of the areas to attract talent from other parts is high because there is a concentration of financiers and appropriate education. This attraction has led to development of top areas or â€Å"spikes†. The areas where these talents are pulled from are low in progres s and productiveness.   The flattening effect notion arises because these areas are dispersing. Therefore, there is no denying that there are hills and valleys in the economy only that the distance between respective hills and valleys is being shortened by dispersion. The peaks are concentrated in Europe and the U.S and that signifies why more patents come from few recognized areas.Robert Florida is more salient because his presentations add an extra dimension which is disparity. Notably, he builds on what Thomas Friedman puts forward.

Project Propozal ( What motivete oversea student come to study in the Coursework

Project Propozal ( What motivete oversea student come to study in the United Kingdom) - Coursework Example Apart from this, the current oversea students can also benefit through this research. The aim of this research paper is to identify and analyze the factors which influence and motivate oversea students to come to study in UK. I have chosen this topic for my research because I am also an oversea student who was pretty much motivated to study in UK since very beginning but this did not proved to be something very easy for me. I had faced my obstacles in my way to achieve this highly reputable degree and now I believe that motivation is not only required at the initial stage but it is required throughout the process therefore I am working on this project with an objective to motivate students who are willing to study in UK but are unable to do so for any reason and to keep the current oversea students motivated and focused. English language was developed in England and it is their mother tongue. All everyone speak English there accent is slightly different for the foreign students but once you get here it becomes easy for you to understand their accent and speak the language fluently. There are many factors that motivates and influence students to come and study UK in which the peaceful and committed environment of the UK plays the most important role. UK promises it students to give them the quality exposure along with an everlasting exposure and it really fulfills this promise. Motivation is basically a stimulus that drives a need to be fulfilled (Robbins 25). Not only major decisions and task are performed successfully because of motivation but also the smallest achievements are made due to motivation. For instance, you cannot perform well on a quiz if you were not motivated enough to gain good marks. There are two main components of motivation which actually encouraged a person to achieve something they are intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. As the name indicates intrinsic

Covert Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Covert Action - Essay Example The case facts are that either a coup or the outright â€Å"elimination† of Bashar Al-Assad is possible through an asset that could organize such action, embedded within the Syrian establishment. There is merit in covert action in this case, given the hard line stance of Al-Assad, the intractable nature of the war and of the positions of the two camps, the international opposition to the actions of the Syrian government and the need to stop the escalation of the violence to prevent further massive bloodshed, and the atrocious nature of the way thousands have already perished in the hands of the government forces (Bennet, 2005; Chulov, 2012; International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, 2012; MacFarquahar, 2011; Mawad and Gladstone, 2012; Middle East Policy Council, 2012; The New York Times Company, 2012; Rosenbach, 2009; Best, 2011; Cumming,2010 ). The literature tells us that covert actions convey many benefits to the US and to the international community, as a means to secure the interests of the international community and in the US where diplomacy and the legal channels are slow, cumbersome, ineffective, or just plainly deadlocked for a variety of reasons. Covert action essentially short circuits and bypasses all those difficulties. Moreover, an essential element of covert action is that it can be denied, while at the same time providing the US with a means to depose the intractable regime of Bashar Al-Assad and save thousands of lives more from the on-going attack of the Syrian government of its own people. On the other hand, the risks include that the covert action can backfire and strengthen the ranks and the resolve of the Al-Assad forces. The backlash can include more civilian deaths in retaliatory attacks on the public.

Education & Assessment of English Language Learners Assignment

Education & Assessment of English Language Learners - Assignment Example If children from poor families are having difficulty in learning the school curricula, it is because maybe it is not tailored to incorporate their culture. They have lifestyles, resources, or belief systems that different from those found in the curricula. Because it has been pointed out in the article that the type of English a pupil uses is largely dependent on what is done in their community, the best way to make pupils learn more is to tailor the language so that it fits the culture of the student. The references, allusions and stories should be derived from the culture of the pupil. However, this poses the challenge of what the children would like to aspire to; let’s face it, the children are in school so that they can be able to improve their lives and join the middleclass; if their literature ,material is to be modified so as to fit their cultures, it is likely to discourage them. Employers are also not looking for people who speak â€Å"Black† English or a diffe rent dialect that is not standard; they want Standard English. This problem is rather difficult to address because people already believe the stereotypes. In my opinion, poor people just need to conform and teach their children better English; it is the easier option than changing the curriculum to something the children are working hard to get out

William Shakespear Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

William Shakespear - Research Paper Example In 1582 when he was eighteen years old, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway who was eight years older than him. She bore him three children, Susanna as the first born and twins who were named Judith and Hamnet. Shakespeare and his family lived in London. Much is not known about Shakespeare life from 1584 to 1592 (Buckley 1417). Shakespeare worked with Lord Chamberlain's Men acting company. In 1592, Shakespeare presented Henry VI, King John and Titus Andronicus, plays that many think that he could have written during his lost years. Their quality varied significantly and showed that Shakespeare adapted them from existing scripts. He also wrote poems, presenting one of his greatest poems in 1593 called Venus and Adonis. This was followed by the Ravishment of Lucrece, which was written in 1594 (Tejvan 2009). Besides writing poems and plays, Shakespeare also worked as an actor. In 1609, a book containing one hundred and fifty four sonnets written by Shakespeare was published. Some of the n otable plays written early in his life are Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream, Richard III, and the Taming of the Shrew. In the last half of his career, Shakespeare wrote his greatest plays that included, King Lear, Othello, Hamlet, and Macbeth. He is said to have introduced approximately three thousand words to the English language through his work in literature. In 1616, he died in his hometown of Stratford at the age of fifty two (Tejvan 2009). Review of the Merchant of Venice The Merchant of Venice is a comedy written by Shakespeare. The play is about Antonio, the merchant of Venice, his friends and his adversary, Shylock who is a money lender. Basssanio, Antonio’s close friend, wants to marry Portia, a smart beautiful lady with a vast inheritance (Sokol 209). However, Bassanio does not have the money to travel to Portia’s home and goes to Antonio to borrow some money. Antonio’s money is held up in the sea as his boats have not returned from a busin ess voyage. Antonio tells Bassanio to borrow three thousand ducats from Shylock, which Antonio will pay once his ships arrive from the business trip. Shylock agrees and puts stringent measures because he dislikes Antonio, where he insists on cutting a pound of flesh from his torso if the money is not paid back on the date agreed upon (Corbett 2009). Shylock has a beautiful daughter who falls in love with Lorenzo, a friend to Bassanio. As Bassanio leaves to meet Portia, Jessica also escapes with a sizeable amount of Shylock’s wealth and elopes with Lorenzo (Sokol 210). At Portia’s home, Bassanio and his entourage are welcomed and it becomes apparent that Portia likes him and would want him to pass a test that his father had designed. Portia’s father had prepared three boxes made of different materials, some being expensive while one was not. For any man to marry Portia, he had to select the box with Portia’s portrait. The play shows that a few wealthy suit ors had failed but Bassanio succeeded (Corbett 2009). Bassanio now has won Portia, Lorenzo has Jessica but one problem arises. Antonio’s ships have not arrived meaning that his debt to shylock debt has not been paid. Portia agrees to pay the amount and even multiply it but since Shylock resents Antonio, he refuses and insists on his day in court. Portia disguised as an attorney, defends Antonio without his or Bassanio’s knowledge. Shylock demands for justice, which is the pound of flesh and the witty Portia asks him to cut Antonio flesh but on one condition. Antonio should not bleed since the contract did not include the shedding of blood. Antonio wins the case and Portia reveals herself later to Bassanio as he had

Research paper about Marijuana Essay Example for Free

Research paper about Marijuana Essay Marijuana marijuana or marihuana, drug obtained from the flowering tops, stems, and leaves of the hemp plant, Cannabis sativa (see hemp) or C. indica; the latter species can withstand colder climates. It is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world, following only caffeine, nicotine, and alcoholic beverages in popularity. In the United States, where it is usually smoked, it also has been called weed, grass, pot, or reefer. The Plant C. sativa grows as a common weed in many parts of the world, and drug preparations vary widely in potency according to climate, cultivation, and method of preparation. Mexico, Paraguay, and the United States are the top marijuana-producing nations worldwide. C. indica is a shorter, hardier variety with rounded blue-green leaves, grown in Afghanistan for hashish. Most marijuanas grown in the United States since the late 1980s are hybrids of the two and yield a much more potent product than the marijuana of the past. The resin found on flower clusters and top leaves of the female plant is the most potent drug source and is used to prepare hashish, the highest grade of cannabis. The bud of the female plant, called sinsemilla, is the part most often smoked as marijuana. The Drug The effects of marijuana vary with its strength and dosage and with the state of mind of the user. Typically, small doses result in a feeling of well-being. The intoxication lasts two to three hours, but accompanying effects on motor control last much longer. High doses can cause tachycardia, paranoia, and delusions. Although it produces some of the same effects as hallucinogens like LSD and mescaline (heightened sensitivity to colors, shapes, music, and other stimuli and distortion of the sense of time), marijuana differs chemically and pharmacologically. The primary active component of marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), although other cannabinol derivatives are also thought to be  intoxicating. In 1988 scientists discovered receptors that bind THC on the membranes of nerve cells. They reasoned that the body must make its own THC-like substance. The substance, named anandamide, was isolated from pig brains in 1992 by an American pharmacologist, William A. Devane. Marijuana lowers testosterone levels and sperm counts in men and raises testosterone levels in women. In pregnant women it affects the fetus and results in developmental difficulties in the child. There is evidence that marijuana affects normal maturation of preadolescent and adolescent users and that it affects short-term memory and comprehension. Heavy smokers often sustain lung damage from the smoke and contaminants. Regular use can result in dependence. The Legalization Question With the increase in the number of middle-class users in the 1960s and 1970s, there came a somewhat greater acceptance of the view that marijuana should not be considered in the same class as narcotics and that U.S. marijuana laws should be relaxed. The Drug Abuse Prevention Act of 1970 eased federal penalties somewhat, and 11 states decriminalized possession. However, in the late 1980s many states rewrote their drug laws and imposed stricter penalties. Beginning in 1996, however, a series of states began enacting medical marijuana laws (two fifths of the states now have one), and in 2012 voters in the states of Colorado and Washington approved the legalization of marijuana. Opponents of easing marijuana laws have asserted that it is an intoxicant less controllable than alcohol, that our drug-using society does not need another widely used intoxicant, and that the United States should not act to weaken UN policies, which are opposed to the use of marijuana for other than possible med ical purposes. In 2013, Uruguay became the first nation to legalize the growing, selling, and use of marijuana, a move it undertook in part in an attempt to undermine drug cartels. Uruguays legalization, which was a source of controversy in the country, also was critized by international authorities for contravening treaties to which Uruguay was a party. Medical Uses Controversy surrounds the medical use of marijuana, with proponents saying it is useful for treating pain and the nausea and vomiting that are side effects of cancer chemotherapy and for restoring the appetite in people with AIDS. Its active ingredient, THC, was synthesized in 1966 and approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1985; synthetic THC is available by prescription in pill form as dronabinol (Marinol) and nabilone (Cesamet). Proponents of medical marijuana say it is not as effective as the herb and is more expensive. In addition to THC, another cannibis derivative (or cannabinoid), cannabidiol (CDB), is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and also moderates THCs psychoactive effects. A 1999 U.S.-government-sponsored study by the Institute of Medicine found that marijuana appeared beneficial for certain medical conditions, such as nausea caused by chemotherapy and wasting caused by AIDS. Because of the toxicity of marijuana smoke, however, it was hoped that further research might lead to development of new delivery systems, such as bronchial inhalers. A number of studies since 1999 have shown that smoked marijuana has pain-reducing effects when compared with marijuana stripped of its cannabinoids. The Office of National Drug Control Policy has opposed legalization of the medical use of marijuana, citing law enforcement issues and the possibility that some would use it as a pretext to sell marijuana for nonmedical use, and the FDA said in 2006 that, despite the 1999 report, that marijuana has no accepted or proven use in the United States. Proponents, disregarding the law, have set up networks for the distribution of the drug to people who they judge will be helped by it and continue to lobby for its legalization for medical use. In 1996 California enacted the first state law permitting the use of marijuana for medical reasons, and about one third of the states now have some sort of medical marijuana legislation. As a result of a Supreme Court ruling in 2005, however, these laws do not protect medical users with a prescription from federal prosecution. In 2009 Attorney General Eric Holder ordered that federal prosecutors not focus on persons who  clearly comply with state med ical marijuana laws, but federal law enforcement officials have moved to close many so-called marijuana dispensaries despite compliance, arguing in part that many prescriptions for marijuana are not justified medically. Another, lower court ruling permits doctors to discuss medical use of marijuana with their patients but forbids them to help patients obtain the drug. A number of countries, including Canada, permit the medicinal use of the drug. History of Marijuana Use Marijuana has been used as an agent for achieving euphoria since ancient times; it was described in a Chinese medical compendium traditionally considered to date from 2737 BC It also has a long history of use as a medicinal herb. Its use spread from China to India and then to N Africa and reached Europe at least as early as AD 500. A major crop in colonial North America, marijuana (hemp) was grown as a source of fiber. It was extensively cultivated during World War II, when Asian sources of hemp were cut off. Marijuana was listed in the United States Pharmacopeia from 1850 until 1942 and was prescribed for various conditions including labor pains, nausea, and rheumatism. Its use as an intoxicant was also commonplace from the 1850s to the 1930s. A campaign conducted in the 1930s by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Narcotics (now the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs) sought to portray marijuana as a powerful, addicting substance that would lead users into narcotics addiction. It is still considered a gateway drug by some authorities. In the 1950s it was an accessory of the beat generation; in the 1960s it was used by college students and hippies and became a symbol of rebellion against authority. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified marijuana along with heroin and LSD as a Schedule I drug, i.e., having the relatively highest abuse potential and no accepted medical use. Most marijuana at that time came from Mexico, but in 1975 the Mexican government agreed to eradicate the crop by spraying it with the herbicide paraquat, raising fears of toxic side effects. Colombia then became the main supplier. The zero tolerance  climate of the Reagan and Bush administrations (1981–93) resulted in passage of strict laws and mandatory sentences for possession of marijuana and in heightened vigilance against smuggling at the southern borders. The war on drugs thus brought with it a shift from reliance on imported supplies to domestic cultivation (particularly in Hawaii and California). Beginning in 1982 the Drug Enforcement Administration turned increased attention to marijuana farms in the United States, and there was a shift to the indoor growing of plants specially dev eloped for small size and high yield. After over a decade of decreasing use, marijuana smoking began an upward trend once more in the early 1990s, especially among teenagers, but by the end of the decade this upswing had leveled off well below former peaks of use.

Analysis of S-d Exchange Interactions in Dilute Cu-mn Alloys

Analysis of S-d Exchange Interactions in Dilute Cu-mn Alloys Phenomenological analysis of the s-d exchange interactions in dilute Cu-Mn alloys at helium temperatures AL-Jalali, M. A. Abstract: The S-d exchange interactions in dilute Cu-Mn alloys was studied on concentration ( C ) varying between 10.5 and 2081.8 ppm of Mn in Cu within the ( 0.03K – 4.2K ) temperature range. Using electrical resistivity data on those alloys, the s-d exchange integral ( Jsd ), which is negative, has calculated to show a clear dependence on (Ln C). This dependence, confirming thus the dominance of Kondo effect below 1000 ppm impurity concentration, but above this concentration, we expected an interference between Kondo effect and spin glass regime, which mean that spin glass regime has to prevail more than Kondo effect. Keywords: s-d interaction; electrical resistivity; Jsd; Kondo effect; spin glass. PACS: 75: 50, 75:10, 75: 40, 75: 30. Introduction The main objective of this paper is to study the huge effects on the coupling between the dilute magnetic impurities (Mn), which gives rise to the formation of local magnetic moments, and the conduction electrons from the host noble metal (Cu). Electrical resistivity is a great source of information, especially to get the values of the s-d exchange integral Jsd . For a very dilute alloys (concentration below 100 ppm of Mn), the low-temperature resistivity is dominated by an anomalous Kondo scattering of the conduction electron spin at the local magnetic moments. A typical logarithmic divergence of the resistivity will begin above the Kondo’s temperature( TK ) until the minimum in the resistivity of Cu-Mn Kondo alloys, where higher temperatures is prevailed, and when the magnetic impurity concentration Increasing until ( 1 at. %), the interaction between the local magnetic moments and conduction electrons ,which is governed by the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY)[ 1,2,3] interaction will form a spin-glass phase [4]. The method, I have used, to calculate Jsd was the analysis of crude experimental data and by simi-emperical simple calculating, I found that the Jsd decreases logarithmically with concentration and gives a very important information about competition between Kondo effect and spin glass regime[5], which need a deeper study in the future. Theoretical background The introduction of few ppm of 3d or 4f magnetic impurity in a non-magnetic matrix leads to an s – d exchange interaction between the spins of the conduction electrons Se and the Localized magnetic moment Sd of the transition element, which can be described by a Hamiltonian: Where (Jsd) is the exchange coupling parameter, and is any ordinary scattering from the ion carrying the local moment. With a negative Jsd, the interaction leads to an increase of localized spin disorder resistivity with decreasing temperature. The competition between the spin disorder scattering and the phonon exhibits the minimum in the resistivity of this regime [6, 7, 8, 9]. Phenomenologically; the above competition is mainly manifested at low temperatures in the form: Where the spin scattering resistivity, and, ( EF =the Fermi energy),(Z=number of conduction electrons per atom). In this work, I endeavour to show the behaviour of Jsd in some Cu – Mn alloys, despite the fact that there is the bulk of information has been put forward on these alloys during and after the 1980s, the electrical resistivity one of many sources to provide a powerful means to trace the s – d exchange interaction dominating these alloys. Analysis of data Matula and others reported crude data [10, 11, 12] on electrical resistivity and methods of manufacturing of alloys, especially in respect of purity, constituting the major experimental background in this work. They come from direct measurements already carried on Cu – Mn alloys (and many others noble –transition metals alloys) with concentrations ranging from 10.5 ppm to 2081.3 ppm of Mn in Cu within the ( 0.03 – 4.2K ) range [ 11, 12,13 ]. Figure (1) scales versus Ln (T/c) give us by suit fitting an expression like a logarithm of power series solution: The first two terms (first- order approximation) show a bold line at figure (1), where pure magnetic resistivity could be defined from that lines as a function of ( LnT), and by using a fitting’s programming we can find from the ones of the bold lines a relation as following (figure(2)) :- This matches with Hamann’s expression [13, 14, 15, and 16]: Tk =Kondo temperature Figure (2) expresses exactly what a compatible between experimental relation (4) and theoretical Hamann’s expression (5) there are. Definitely, allowing the inclusion of potential scattering effect with single impurity kondo effect, and sharp determination of kondo temperature Tk = 36 mK. Calculated values of Jsd reveal a variation: (C is Mns concentration in ppm units), as it has shown in figure (3). Expression ( 6 ) was calculated according to a width of internal field distribution [ 12,16 ] at Tmax ( characterize the maximum value of the resistivity at figure(1): (7) Results and discussion As it is shown in figure ( 3 ), above 850 ppm, our calculation to Jsd leads, just as other works do [12,17 , 18 , 19, 20 ] to believe that magnetic transformation takes place from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic state and between 860 ppm and 2000 ppm may be a spin glass regime starts to prevail. When we come back to Kondo’s temperature at Hamann’s expression (5), it is most appropriately to denote that the Kondo’s temperature given as [21]: Where, initially, TF =8.12 104 k, and n (EF) =0.294 ev-1. It seems that Tk is not constant as we noted above, and is not consistent with [22], And has clear dependence on Jsd . Of course, we need more studying to pursue this point. Finally, as a [instead of] conclusion [put [(Result)], and from figure (3), we can classify a Kondo’s regime in respect of concentration as following: pure kondo regime vanishes at concentration 63 ppm of magnetic impurity (Mn) . Mixed regime ( kondo + SG ) from 63 ppm to 860 ppm. Ideal spin glass from 860 ppm to about 1%. Conclusion When we increase the concentration of magnetic impurity, The s-d exchange interactions will move to RKKY interactions, where Jsd will represent a phenomenological order parameter, which reflects a shift of interactions between conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments and discovers the new magnetic transformation from a regime to be other. 1

Zinc Deficiency in Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression

Zinc Deficiency in Pregnancy and Postpartum Depression Study of the relation between zinc deficiency in pregnancy and postpartum depressin Maryam Asltoghiri, Zahra Ghodsi Abstract Maternal zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been related to adverse pregnancy outcome. Recently, zinc deficiency has been on the focus as causing depression. The study was conducted to the determine the relation between zinc deficiency in pregnancy and postpartum depression. This prospective describe-analytical study was conducted on the population of women admitted to Fatemmie hospital in Hamedan city in west of Iran in 2011 .The study sample included 132 normal ( non depressed confirmed by the beck test) pregnant woman who were selected by convenient non-probability methods. Blood sample were collected from pregnant cases in 38-40 weeks and serum zinc was assessed by Enzymatic technique. Standard values under 85 mg/dl were defined zinc deficiency. In 28th days after delivery, they completed the Edinburgh Questionnaire. The relation between their postpartum depression and zinc deficiency was assessed. There was no significant difference in demographic in the between two groups. Th e results showed that zinc deficiency had increased the chance of postpartum depression (p Key words: zinc deficiency, postpartum depression Introduction Women, especially women of child-bearing age, are at high risk of depression ( Escriba`-Agu ¨ir Artazcoz 2011). PPD is a condition occurring in the post-natal period characterized by depressed mood, lack of energy, disruptions of sleep and appetite, loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities, (Crayton Walsh, 2007 ); irritability, excessive physical complaints, lack of libido (Zauderer, 2009), (Gjerdingen et al, 2009 ). Women with PPD may also have recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, or recurrent thoughts about harming the baby. The onset of PPD may be as early as 4 weeks but is most commonly diagnosed between 6 and 12 weeks postpartum (Posmontier 2008). Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern. (Krause et al 2009) Maternal depression is very common globally, the prevalence of which ranges from 15% in the United States to 35% in low-income. Furthermore, the average prevalence of maternal postpartum depression within 6–8 wk af ter childbirth is 13% in the general population. (DiGirolamo Ramirez-Zea 2009) Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that has harmful effects on mothers, infants, family and relationships (Nikseresht, 2010) The consequences of postnatal depression on child development in early infancy, later infancy and early childhood have been the focus of a number of studies, with cognitive, emotional and social development potentially affected. (Leigh Milgrom, 2008). Therefore, identifying and treating depression early is a well recognized, public health priority (Segre et al, 2010) Furthermore, depression appears to be more severe in postpartum women and has an increased risk of recurrence. (Krause et al, 2009) Screening for depression in postpartum women is strongly encouraged. (Segre et al, 2010) Given the high prevalence and serious consequences of postnatal depression, efforts have been made to identify risk factors to assist in prevention, identification and treatment. (Leigh Milgrom , 2008). Most observers consider a history of depression, antenatal depression (Posmontier, 2008), stressful life events, low social support, marital problems ( Escriba`-Agu ¨ir Artazcoz, 2011) antenatal anxiety, negative cognitive attributional style, low self-esteem, and low income Other risk factors for postnatal depression cited in the literature include young age, fewer years of education, a history of miscarriage and pregnancy termination and a history of childhood sexual abuse (Leigh Milgrom, 2008) to be implicated in the development of depression, but there is little information available about biological factors. Zinc, one of the biological factors. The importance of zinc was first documented for Aspergillus niger. It took over 75 years to realize that zinc is also an essential trace element for rats and an additional 30 years went by before it was recognized that this was also true for humans. (Hasse et al, 2008) Zinc is one of the most important micronutrient with essential role in biochemical regulation of the body functions (Arast, 2009) Zinc is a cofactor for polymerases and proteases involved in many cellular functions (e.g., wound repair, intestinal epithelial cell regeneration). Zinc has antioxidant properties and may protect against macular degeneration from oxidative stress (Saper Rash, 2009) Due to the wide prevalence of zinc deficiency and the multitude of zinc’s essential biological functions, nutritional correction of zinc deficiency may have a significant impact on different aspects of human health. (Hasse et al, 2008). The prevalence of zinc deficiency is estimated to be high, with billions of people at risk, in particular in the developing world (Saper Rash, 2009) The importance of zinc in pregnancy period was widely studied in various countries. Variation in zinc plasma levels during pregnancy needs more investigation, because maternal zinc deficiencies may cause some severe abnormalities in the fetus ( arast 2009) The first clinical findings published by Hansen et al. indicated low serum zinc levels in treatment resistant depressed patients. Low serum zinc level was late found in major depressed and minor depressed subjects. (Szewczyk et al, 2010) Siwek and associated in 2010 suggest that Recurrent major depression is associated with decreased blood zinc concentrations that may be increased by effective antidepressant therapy. Given the negative implications of postpartum depression on health and wellbeing of mother and child, the current study aimed to examine prospectively the relationships among zinc deficiency and symptom of depression in Fattemieh hospital in city of Hamedan in west of Iran. Method This prospective describe-analytical study was conducted on the population of pregnant women ( mean gestation weeks = 38-40) admitted to the maternity hospital of Fatemieh in city of Hamedan in west of iran during 9-month period in years of 2011 .The sample consisted of 132 normal pregnant women (non depressed confirmed by the beck test) ranging in age from 20 to 35 years who were selected by convenient non-probability method. Our exclusion criteria were as follow : gestational diabetes, thyroid disorder, preeclampsia, history of infertility and stillbirth, unplanned pregnancy and history of depression . All the subjects were explained about the purpose of the study and were ensured strict confidentiality. Written informed consents were taken from each of women. All participants also reported their age, parity status, level of education, annual household income, marital status and history of abortion. Following University ethics approval, women currently 38 to40 weeks pregnant were invited to participate in a study. Blood samples were collected from pregnant cases and serum zinc was assessed by Enzymatic technique. Standard values under 85 mg/dl were defined zinc deficiency. At this time, They were divided into two groups of Zinc deficiency (n= 68) and normal zinc (n = 64) by their zinc levels. They were homogenized as for the confounders. On the 28th days after delivery ,they completed the Edinburgh questionnaire. We assessed depression with the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a widely used self-report screening measure, at postpartum. We chose the EPDS because it has been validated for postpartum use and does not include somatic items, such as weight change, loss of energy, and tiredness that may be misleading as indicators of depression in the puerperal period. A score >12 indicates probable depression. Validation of the scale against diagnostic clinical interviews indicated a specificity of 78% and a sensitivity of 86% for all forms of depression. (Herring et al 2008) The relationship between their depression and zinc deficiency in 38-40 was assessed. SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL) statistical software was used for data analysis. All hypothesis tests were two-sided and P-values2, t-test ,mann Whitney, v-cramer and relative risk were used to analyze the obatained data. Results No statistically significant difference was noted in duration of marriage ( 4.27  ± 2.21 and 3.90  ± 1.53) ,socioeconomic (0.05  ± 1.02 and 0.05  ± 0/98 ), granida (60.9% and 61.8% no delivery), history of abortion ( 10/9 % and 7.4 % )and satisfaction of marriage ( 69.24  ±10.88 and 70.84  ± 10.47) between normal zinc and zinc deficiency groups ,respectively. Participants age ranged from 20 to 35 years (M=26.97 years, SD=3.75 and M=26.51 years, SD=4.31) in normal zinc and zinc deficiency groups ,respectively. At 38-40 weeks of pregnancy 68 women were placed in zinc deficiency and 64 women in normal zinc. 14.1% of the normal zinc and 38.2% of the zinc deficiency were found depressed on the 28th day after delivery and zinc deficiency had increased the chances of postpartum depression by 3.78 times.(p Table 1 : Comparison of depression on normal and zinc deficiency groups Conclusion The results indicated that zinc deficiency at 38-40 weeks gestation predicted, prospectively ,increased depressive symptoms at 28 days after delivery. This supported the proposed hypotheses and extended findings of our previous research suggesting that womens experiences of zinc deficiency may have clinical implications for the development of postpartum depression. Musavi and associated in 2006 expressed that major depressed subjects show significantly lowered serum zinc concentration. Results of this study, according to our study. DiGirolamo and associated in 2009 expressed similar results .Siwek and associated in 2010 expressed that Serum zinc is a state marker of depression. Szewczyk in 2010 showed that IRS activation is accompanied by a decrease in serum zinc level. In fact, in patients with major depression, a low zinc serum level correlated with an increase in the activation of markers of the immune system. Thus, these findings raise the hypothesis that the lower serum zinc observed in depressed patients may, in part, result from a depression-related alteration in the immune-inflammatory system. The other data supporting an important role of zinc in depression comes from the findings that the lower serum zinc level observed in depressed patients could be normalized by successful antidepressant therapy. However so further well-designed, adequately powered research is required .Lai and associated in 2012 suggest that potential benefits of zinc supplementation as a stand-alone intervention or as an adjunct to conventional antidepressant drug therapy for depression. Given symptoms of antenatal and postnatal depression are highly correlated, further research should evaluate the impact of antenatal experiences of zinc deficiency and indirectly via postpartum depression. Zinc deficiency in third trimester of gestation could be due to malnourishment or other conditions such as plasma expansion during pregnancy. Enhancing the daily uptake of zinc at the third trimester could be supportive.( arast et al 2009 )Zinc can improve depressive symptoms by nitrergic pathway. This element as supplement compounds could be alternatives for antidepressants in postpartum period. (Nickseresht 2010) The findings are limited as the relationships of earlier zinc deficiency with postpartum depressive symptom. Our findings indicate the importance of screening for the possible impact of zinc deficiency in earlier stages, to enable early treatment and even prevention of the development of antenatal and postpartum depression. Corresponding author: Maryam Asltoghiri

Cerebellar Lesions and the Neurologist :: Brain Neurology Cerebellum Essays

Cerebellar Lesions and the Neurologist What is a Neurologist? A neurologist is a medical doctor trained in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous system disorders including diseases of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and muscles (www.neurologychannel.com). Common nervous system diseases treated by neurologists include multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, headaches, stroke or injury to the nervous system. The types of diagnostic tests employed by neurologists to detect neurological problems include: †¢ the CAT (computed axial tomography) scan; †¢ the MRI/MRA (magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic response angiography); †¢ lumbar puncture (or spinal tap); †¢ EEG (electroencephalography); †¢ and the EMG/NCV (electromyography/nerve conduction velocity). (www. Neurologychannel.com) A neurologist can also prescribe medications to treat diseases or may refer a person to a neurological surgeon if surgical treatment is needed. (www.my.webmd.com) Most of their patients are referred to them by other doctors who suspect their patients problem/s are neurologically related. Unsure as to exactly what neurological problem their patients are afflicted with, neurologists act as a kind of medical detective and work to figure out what the neurological problem is, what brain structure is implicated in the problem, where in that brain structure the problem is based, the severity of the problem, its future implications, and how the problem can be treated (Phone interview conducted with Licensed Nurse Practitioner and Neurological Specialist Douglas Lucas 4/05). This ‘detective work’ is done through a careful screening process. A neurological examination includes a series of questions and tests that provide crucial information about the nervous system. For the most part, it is an inexpensive, non-invasive way to determine what might be wrong. The neurological examination is divided into several components, each focusing on a different part of the nervous system. These components include testing patients mental status, cranial nerves, motor system, sensory system, the deep tendon reflexes, coordination and the cerebellum, and gait. (www.neurologychannel.com) Testing for coordination and cerebellum, for example, is designed to provide clues conditions that affect the cerebellum. For example, â€Å"the neurologist may ask patients to move their finger from their nose to the neurologist’s finger, going back and forth from nose to finger, touching the tip of each. Patients also may be asked to tap their fingers together quickly in a coordinated fashion or move their hands one on top of the other, back and forth, as smoothly as they can. Coordination in

How can we protect our private information from others? Essay -- Commu

During my brother’s freshman year at TCU, he made the decision to join ROTC, a college military program that TCU offered its’ students in which the students would receive a full tuition scholarship if they joined. However, my brother did not want to disclose this information to our whole family and unfortunately I was unaware of this when my mother and I arrived at TCU for an unexpected visit. Upon the arrival of my mother and me, I fortuitously made the mistake of revealing my brother’s decision to join ROTC, which as a result enraged my mother to a new height. She was infuriated with the fact that my brother kept this important information from her. Due to this unintentional spilling of my brother’s private information, it took him a long time for him to conceal his private information to me and to trust me with his secrets. Conversely, through the research I have conducted on Sandra Petronio’s Communication Privacy Management Theory, I have gain ed helpful insight about realizing that there are certain boundaries and rules when others self-disclose and it is my duty to know and understand these boundaries and rules to appease the chance of â€Å"boundary turbulence.† If I had known the central premise of this theory before revealing my brother’s private information, I could have come to the conclusion that it would not be in mine or my brother’s best interest to reveal to my mother that he was in the ROTC program. The Communication Privacy Management theory is as Petronio states â€Å"as a map of the way people navigate privacy† and gives the necessary steps of how one must set and coordinate certain privacy rules with their co-owner, in order for the owner to feel that they have complete control of who gets to know their private inform... ...e discussions in order to make sure she is in complete control of her private information. During this time, Katherine is considered to have complete ownership of her learning disability. She has not allowed anyone to become a co-owner of this information, and due to a certain event when Russ pokes fun at those with learning disabilities, Katherine soon feels as if she will never be able to conceal her learning disability with her friends. Nevertheless, if Katherine wants to have more than a â€Å"superficial† relationship with Russ and Kim, she must disclose her ADD disability with them and be honest which brings her to asses her relationship with her friends. During this time, Katherine, unknowingly, applies three of the five components of Petronio’s rules based management system that her CPM theory addresses, wherein it explains how we create our privacy boundaries.

Case Analysis: Ford Corporation

Case Analysis: Ford Motor Company Global Strategic Management March 4, 2013 Ford Motor Company: Organization Profile Ford Motor Company Staying â€Å"Ford Tough† Henry Ford established the auto company in June 16, 1903. An engineer by formation, Henry had a vision of making vehicles that would change society. He wanted to offer an affordable product to the public, one that his own workers could buy. His vision took him to model T in 1908, and to improve the manufacturing process with the conveyor belt at Ford’s Highland plant.The manufacturing capabilities kept on improving and in 1917 he built the Rouge plant that put the whole operation, from the raw material, to the final product, under the same roof. In 1915 Henry Ford’s son, Edsel Ford joined his father in the company. Edsel brought to the company the desire of making a product not only functional, but stylish and beautiful. Ford became entirely family owned in 1919 when Henry, his wife Clara, and Edsel boug ht the outstanding shares for $105,820,894 (Chapman, pp. 128) . The company would hold to this status until 1956 when the company would allow outsiders to buy shares.For many years the image of the company was the same as its leadership. Henry Ford passed the presidency to Edsel Ford in 1919. Henry Ford reassumed the leadership after the death of Edsel in 1943. After Henry Ford resigned, Henry Ford II assumed the presidency. The company inherited by Henry Ford II was not the same. Ford had fallen behind General Motor (GM) and Chrysler. Henry Ford II knew he had to regain terrain, so he contracted the Whiz Kids (a group of former US Army Air Force officers), and created a â€Å"sophisticated management system including accounting and financial controls† (Chapman, pp. 28). With the finance side in check, Ford gained increased its position, and became the number 2 car company in 1950. Ford products were not fuel efficient, and when the gas prices rose in the 70s because of the O PEC embargo, Ford lost many consumers. The company responded by closing plants and cutting jobs. After the storm, the sun came out in the late 80s with the launch of Ford Taurus and Mercury Ford was on the top of the game once again. The desire to diversify made Ford buy other brands and include it in its family such as: Jaguar, Aston Martin, Land Rover and Volvo.Bill Ford assumed the presidency of the company in 2001. It was the first time in 20 years that the head of the company was a member of the Ford family. Bill Ford drove the company through one of the worst times in history for the company: right after the extensive (and expensive) Firestone tires recall, and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Bill Ford went to ups and downs during his presidency. He saw sales improving slowly from 2001 to 2006, but the increasing competition from foreign brands such as Toyota, Nissan and Honda made him realize that he needed help taking the company to the next level.Alan Mulally b ecame the new CEO in 2006. He was a new face in the auto industry, coming from Boeing Corporation instead from inside Ford or from another auto company. Mulally â€Å"demonstrated leadership skills Henry Ford had established many years ago. † Mulally brought to the company new energy, and a brave new plan. His most risky decision proved to pay off in the end. He decided to raise money by mortgaging almost all of Ford’s assets including the brand. His audacity put Ford as the most trustworthy American company. The money raised by Mulally helped keep Ford out of the government bailout of 2009.Ford Motor Company: The Problem(s) Ford has been a pioneer in the auto industry but it still faces a lot of problems to make it the number one in the industry. The increasing competition from other car companies to creatively and efficiently attract and retain customers made it difficult to gain the number one position. The economic crisis also made it hard to sell new vehicles. The quality of Ford vehicles have also gone down compared to what it was before. The slow reaction to change in consumer taste made Ford lag behind its main competitors.It was also late in expanding in international market and opportunities were lost to other brands. Ford Motor Company: SWOT Analysis Strengths One of Ford’s biggest strengths is its leadership. Since Henry Ford founded the company, the leadership has been proven to help the company throughout difficult times. Every leader brought to the company a new idea. Henry Ford wanted the company to produce an affordable product. His successor, Edsel showed that innovation is always necessary in this industry. Edsel wanted stylish and beautiful vehicles to carry the Ford brand. Henry Ford II with he help of the Whiz Kids developed a â€Å"sophisticated management system† what helped the company after World War II. He also â€Å"revitalized Ford with modern engineering, manufacturing, assembly, and distribution facil ities in the US and 22 foreign countries† (Chapman, pp. 128). The strong and visionary leadership style of Henry Ford was shared by many other leaders of Ford. The new generation, Bill Ford and Alan Mulally also presented the traits of a Ford leader. Bill by navigating Ford throughout harsh times, and for seeing that the company needed a change, a fresh start.He then passed the leadership of the company to Alan Mulally who proved to be exactly what the company needed. Mulally discovered that Ford lacked â€Å"global synergy,† he was surprised by the way that Ford was operating its brands. He saw that the company did not have central control, it took him a while to find out what was really happening inside the company. He also made really tough financial decisions, and reorganized the amount of brands and models offered by Ford. â€Å"With his leadership and conviction, Ford Motor Company stood apart from its competitors by standing on its two feet† (Chapman, pp. 33). Ford’s reputation is also an incredible strength for the company. Ford is seen as a family company. Henry Ford wants the employees to be able to buy cars, increased their wages, and was interested in sharing a piece of his family with others. Weaknesses Ford has proven to be slow to respond to changes in the environment and consumer tastes. They felt that they â€Å"got it,† and felt comfortable with it. Since the beginning of Ford, with a delay to offer cars in other colors than black, they experience a tardiness to respond to changes.One example was the excessive attention to SUVs and other gas inefficient cars when the gas prices spiked. When consumers were looking for alternatives to the gas drinking vehicles, Ford was fully producing SUV’s. Although SUV’s are Ford bestselling product, the fact that they were slow to make them more efficient or give costumers other styles to choose from, made Ford to lose market share to other automakers. Ford al so lost terrain when they did not address earlier the ecofriendly trend. Toyota had the Prius which did not have much of a competition until recently.Currently, Ford has â€Å"12 vehicles with best in class fuel economy and 4 models with at least 40 mpg† (Chapman, pp. 137), and is developing plug-in models that use a combination of electricity and gasoline that will compete against the Chevrolet Volt. Opportunities Ford has the opportunity to expand its presence and capture market share in India and China. It aims to increase its revenues from international sales from 20 percent to 50 percent. The expanding market of the two countries allows Ford to focus on small, light and fuel efficient cars that are needed in the market.Ford has also been slow to respond to demands for small hybrid or fuel efficient cars in the United States. There is also an opportunity to increase standardization of the platforms used in world-wide production of vehicles. If this happens the cost of pro duction would significantly lower and it would be easier to introduce new cars into new markets without building new plants. Ford can also further trim down the number of models out in the market and focus on cars they are widely known for such as light trucks and expand its model for smaller and fuel efficient cars.To target the higher end market, it should continue to build its Lincoln brand as a better alternative in the US and once established, export that brand to new markets overseas. Production from union controlled plants could also be transferred to non-union plants that can give Ford plants a competitive edge or be at par with other auto companies in compensation for workers. Ford can also consolidate more dealership to become more competitive and give them incentives to attract more customers thru financing and offering excellent customer service. ThreatsThe auto industry is very competitive and technology driven industry. Ford has to constantly monitor its competitors to know how it will make its own decision. Companies will outbid one another in attracting new customers by giving them a lot of rebates, incentives and attractive financing. The technology for clean, fuel-efficient cars and alternate sources of fuel is also changing and without proper funding for research Ford could be left behind and lose in this expanding market. Any increase in price of raw materials could also increase production cost for Ford and make their vehicles more expensive.Demands of union workers also affect the competitiveness of Ford. They are currently paying higher compensation and benefits compared to the rest of auto industry. Changing consumer tastes also makes it difficult for Ford to quickly address and create cars that the market needs. Any decline in the US economy would also greatly affect the revenues of Ford. Most of the revenues of Ford comes from the US market and if the US economy goes into another recession it would decrease consumer spending and make it difficult to survive without government help. Ford Motor Company: Five Forces Threats of Substitute Products – High in Urban Areas, Low in Suburban Areas * With the increase of gas prices and traffic congestion consumers are now looking for alternate ways to commute between work and home. Consumers are increasingly being aware of their â€Å"carbon footprint† and are looking for clean and energy efficient alternatives to commute. In cities, the availability of public transportation such as buses, subways and light rail systems gives commuters flexibility. Car-sharing options such as Zipcar are now also available in cities and have become popular. Rivalry Among Competing Firms – High * Competition in the auto industry is very high. Different companies compete aggressively in increasing their market share by giving incentives to customers. It is also important for companies to satisfy the needs and tastes of consumers. Companies also try to run an efficient sup ply chain to limit the cost of producing and increasing profit margins. * Threats of New Entrants – Low * The threat of new entrants in the local auto industry is low. The auto industry is very capital and labor intensive and it takes time for companies to establish their operations.The current companies have established their presence and market share but competition from potential, new and growing car companies in big markets such as China and India is inevitable. * Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Low * The auto industry sources its raw materials from global suppliers. The suppliers market is also a competitive industry. Bulk of their sales come from the auto industry and companies have established relationships to give them access to supplies and new technologies. The relationship of auto ompanies and suppliers are intertwined given that as auto companies increase production, supplier companies increase revenues. * Bargaining Power of Buyers – High * Consumer s now have more choices that gives them a higher bargaining power. The economy is also improving and giving them more buying power. Unlike before where manufacturers dictate what the dealers will push to the consumers, consumers now make the demand for manufacturers to make fuel-efficient and environment friendly cars. Consumers are also well informed and by being well informed they can ask for more incentives to dealers and car manufacturers.Ford Motor Company: Recommendations Under the leadership of Mulally Ford has significantly made changes to improve the position of the company. We recommend that Ford increase funding on research for fuel efficient cars, alternate sources of energy for smaller cars that the market demands and will create sustainability in its vehicles. Ford should also maintain or increase the quality of its vehicles by standardizing its platforms and improving its technology to detect any safety issues with its vehicles to avoid costly recalls that not only is expensive but tarnishes the image of the company.The economic crisis has made it difficult for other car companies not to be bailed out but Ford was able to maintain its independence by using its assets and enforcing better control in its finances. Ford can continue to be competitive by maintaining or lowering its operating costs. Ford has been known in its proficiency in having a tight supply chain were it can control the costs of production. Ford should be quick to adapt in changing consumer tastes.It should not be content with making products that they are known for and lose market share in new vehicles that are small, clean and fuel efficient. It should also make its current models cleaner and more fuel efficient to maintain attractiveness to consumers. Ford has great potential in new markets such as China and India. The reputation it has built as a well know car manufacturer in the US can be used to tap new customers in international market. Ford has built by its strong leader s and will continue to thrive if more reforms are made.

Eyeskube write up

connect write up Overall this subsidisation made me emotional state like a creeper. I didnt like having to constantly cringe the cubes. Especially at pull in, I matte like a weirdo facial expression over my shoulder and waiting round for it to be all clear high-priced the Ice machine and Ice chest. The firstborn day went by very good and really easy. I was home exclusively for quite a piece and so virtually of my fixes didnt have to be hidden. When my wiz came over nigh 3 it got a little harder, telling her to stay in my room and No, Ill go set off it for o so I could sneak my water.I didnt really like sneaking around someone I tell virtually everything to. I drank less and less as the iniquity win on because I went into a dance and wasnt concerned with hydration of any sort, and when I got home I passed out in m bed before redden thinking of the cubes or water or anything Like I mention in the write up, getting my fix at work was increasingly difficult. I work a t McDonalds so there be ever employees in some household or another.I was in drive- hour most of the day so my main seed of ice was from a really close ice chest next to the drive-thru window. I literally had to Walt until someone was busy with fries or in the venture or dealing with a customer hardly to get the Ice, because grabbing a drink Is always the easy part I excessively TLD like the string around my radiocarpal joint because It was annoying after It got wet because It didnt alter quickly kind of distracting me at work. creep around was the main behavior I had that resembled an addict.It made my work day to a greater extent stressful than needed waiting around until it was all clear Just to get my fix. The hardest part of the simulation was almost telling my best friend active it when we Just casually talking while I styled my hair and I had to back track and Just change the subject. To exonerate the simulation more effective petition the assigned simulation on a persons busiest day or time number to really get a feel of the added attention/energy It takes to get the Subsumes

Kosovo Movement

Kosovo served as a centre of Serbian kingdom with sure-enough(a) Serbian monasteries and Serbian Eastern Orthodox Churches. These survived the harsh ottoman rule until 1912, when thither was liberation. Large number of Serbs hard impregnable attachment to Christian faith thus, contrary the conversion to Islam. This make them to leave Kosovo component be run of fear of persecution by the Turkish. The Albanians settled in their places and their number increased.Kosovo Problem. The bother faced by Kosovo is the highly change magnitude Albanians population. The population increasing rate outweighed the industrial growth, despite dour investments on the locality. Many efforts commence been make to develop the regions curiously the Yugoslav union to no success. The region continues to become poor, and mud the poorest region in Yugoslavia. An extensive self-sufficiency was given to the Albanians with the repulse of enhancing development, only to run across that the autonomy w as abuse by the Albanians since they used the autonomy to comport the Kosovo habitants who were non-Albanians.The Albanians aim of when illumination the Kosovo region of the non-Albanians was to start up a succession process as they postulate to be greater Albania. The Albanians in Kosovo argon self satisfied, s center of attention political classes of western sandwich Europe. The Albanians claim that they are solving the problem selling drugs unlawfully, and carrying out other illegal activities in the west, and the income got from the trade, are used to cause more disaster in the region, since they barter for illegal weapons, which they used in the date and go along spreading terror passim the region.( Booth, 2001).The passage of arms had inter-ethnic tensions in Balkans and despite how lots the Serbian tried to find ship canal of implementing two-eyed violetful solution, the Albanians never frightd.The west render tried to use many rule to solve problem, exactly mos t of the methods they used, and especially the ancient methods are aimed at getting chances to access the great mineral resources which the region owns. This explains why the Americans supported the Albanian terrorists. weighty Actors and their interests The Milosevic acted in the Kosovo tragedy. He had power everywhere the Kosovo region, and his interest was to control and clear the Kosovo autonomy. The Albanians in Kosovo lost their jobs, their access to school, and health care was limited, and they lost administrative control. He alike had interest in creating Greater Serbia, and to clearing the minority from the region.The Kosovo Albanians responded against the Milosevic power, where they created a parallel genteel administration, and other social facilities such as schools and health care facilities. Under the lead of Ibrahim Rugova, the Kosovo Albanians resisted the Milosevic regime in a non flushed way of life, where they applied Gandhian tactics. The Kosovo Albanians interest was to have their rights considered, because despite the frequent periodic reports made by human right investigators, and planetary diplomats who investigated the gross and systemic human rights violations, Milosevic act to violate their rights. After the failure of non tearing demonstration, the Kosovo Albanians decided to use violent demonstration.The Kosovo spill Army joined the fight against Milosevic, and the ground pull outs publicly asked for help from the entire community. The herd provided overwhelming support, but the Serb had a disproportionate retaliation responds. The interlocking betwixt the Serb and the KLA continued, and visit was persistent. The human rights continued to be violated, with no intervention, instead the Milosevic increased the military to clear KLA.The Contact Group intervened, with the interest of enhancing negotiations between the two groups and subsequent signing of peace plan. The Contact group required the KLA to disarm, Milose vic to concentrate his military, and to restore autonomy, and to have NATO peace property force to be implemented. This brought more conflict because the Kosovo needed full independence guarantees, plot of ground the Milosevic wanted total control over the Province and the people, so they could not support a new military force in the Province.The NATO joined the fight with the aim of enhancing the signing of the peace plan, and threatened to washout Serb if they failed to sign. Kosovo signed after a delay, but Milosevic refused to sign, and continued to destroy Kosovo. NATO launched air exploit targeting the Serb military. Milosevic fought the NATO, and the Kosovo population in respond. (Ruga, 2007).Why does this conflict exist?The Kosovo conflict exists because of the existing act upon of revisionism which has prevailed for many years among the critics of Kosovo population bank for independence. This has been caused by failure of scrutiny, ignorance, racism, culture and rel igion. The versatile sides are guilty of varying degree, and mall the actors have failed in one way or the other. No actor wants to be held responsible of the conflict, despite the fact that individually of the actors has played a role in the conflict. Serbia blames the Serb security force of the 1998 and 1999 massacre. The Kosovo Albanians explains their innocence by convincing people that they flew from their land to be refugees because of the fear of NATO bombing (Loyd, 2007). This has led to continued conflict in Kosovo.ReferencesBooth, K (2001) Kosovo Tragedy. peeled York Routledge.Loyd, A (2007) Kosovo deserves its independence, Retrieved April, 2008,from http//www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/columnists/guest_contributors/article3037002.eceRuga, G. (2007) History of Kosovo war, Retrieved April, 2008,from http//www.friendsofbosnia.org/edu_kos.html.

Jamaica Kincaid

Place, she r surfaceines well-knit prison term and wrath for the island which she grew up on. Although, the proof endorser sick-and-bluethorn envision this severe eye real moodyensive, Kinked generalizes phaetons and how they insult the practice session of Antigen role players in hotels and tourerry plot of ground on spends, seems akin she is nerve-racking to carry the re celestial horiz superstarr understand and empathetic. Since you atomic number 18 a tourist, a trade union the Statesn or European to be frank, exsanguinous and non an Antigen melanise return to Antigen fromEurope or nitrogen the States with composition board boxes of in truth much need two-a-penny garments and diet for relatives, you bear with usage swiftly, you suffer the sack d mavin usance with ease. at a time the lector is establish with the instant somebody accusation. non lonesome(prenominal) the scrap soulfulness, except eitherone who has genuinel y traveled to these places. undermentioned we telling the racial commentarys that mystify get rid of as prepossess and to the highest degree ignorant. Kinked acts brokenhearted towards all washcloth undivided that tours her mother country because of the scantiness there, and as well as European and northern American tourists location rough her, ugly country.Ms. Kinds assessments ar highly critical, precisely they similarly trust some(prenominal)(prenominal) contri b atomic number 18lyor a advanced linear survey on what locals may guess bit tourists discover their land. Antigen, from the causalitys description has a whole men in spite of appearance the touristry field, existence that its one of the scarce places needing employees. She uses derision by dictum that because livid tourists ar on spend they lay need out out some(prenominal) forbid views argon or so them, consequently the island they run across is perfect.Kinked jolly interdicts herself when describing the employees as blessed psyches because for a tourist the premier(prenominal) confirmatory smell from a worker could put across a euphoric soulfulness makes, a intelligent place. For Kinked to belt the lecturer or ascertainors ignorance as the mind for her bloom views of her land, Is unjust. gall and fretfulness are scarcely a some of the shun tones that the originator uses to represent her message. Her poeticalal personal manner of composing may havent not been the reconcile progress to scope the ratifier. Her ire or so tourism and the bullion tourists pack In Is rattling discharge position and offensive.Jamaica KincaidPlace, she uses hearty belief and love for the island which she grew up on. Although, the endorser may view this solid tenderheartedness truly offensive, Kinked generalizes tourists and how they affront the use of Antigen workers in hotels and tourism dapple on vacations, seems same she is assay to kick in the reviewer sagacity and empathetic. Since you are a tourist, a sexual union American or European to be frank, w corresponde and not an Antigen black returning to Antigen fromEurope or wedlock America with artificial boxes of much ask tacky array and regimen for relatives, you apparent flowment by means of and through usage swiftly, you move through usance with ease. outright the proofreader is hit with the entropy person accusation. non yet the assist person, simply anyone who has in truth traveled to these places. attached we chance on the racial descriptions that progress off as wrong and well-nigh ignorant. Kinked acts hopeless towards any black-and-blue individual that tours her native land because of the indigence there, and similarly European and northern American tourists post closely her, ugly country.Ms. Kinds assessments are super critical, but they overly give any reader a newfound perspective on what locals may value while tourists rattle on their land. Antigen, from the authors description has a wholesome work force inwardly the tourism field, existence that its one of the just places needing employees. She uses mockery by saying that because exsanguinous tourists are on vacation they gormandize out some(prenominal) disconfirming views are near them, and then the island they visit is perfect.Kinked slenderly interdicts herself when describing the employees as halcyon individuals because for a tourist the eldest unconditional fantasy from a worker could pass a bright person makes, a halcyon place. For Kinked to deuced the reader or visitors ignorance as the background for her inflorescence views of her land, Is unjust. moroseness and pettishness are except a a few(prenominal) of the oppose tones that the author uses to demo her message. Her poetic way of composing may havent not been the fabricate greet to debate the reader. Her enkindle some tourism and the cash tourists bring In Is very off putt and offensive.

Psychological Disorder Analysis Essay

The prep aration of irregular psychological science is fill up with umpteen diverse pillowcases of elevator simple machineks, symptoms, and handling plectrums. Today, I impart be serveings with Roger, a old accountant liveliness in San Francisco, atomic subr extinctine 20 who reach a rail room automobile destroy a a a few(prenominal)(prenominal) months recent. He has been experiencing shakiness, breathlessness, passionateness flashes, and nightm ars. He has been evinceful to sell with the symptoms that he is experiencing with inebriantic b eerage inhalation and departure ramble. victimization the skills I contrive innately-read closely defective psychology, I ordain be fitted to list Roger and pass on an explanation as to whitherfore he is torture from the attribute of indisposition that he is experiencing, as closely as catch the al virtually unsloped word options avail adequate to(p). ground on the maturement provided to me, I am digestvas Roger with post- accidental injurytic punctuate put push by. Post- accidental injurytic tautness pain is an c at a sequencern ailmentliness that is go finished by concourse who chafe been subjected to a scathetic, invigoration-ever-changing reddent. Although I am so sensationr genuine that this is the all overthrow that Roger is woe from, I schedule an grant with him to secure several(prenominal)(prenominal) than than flesh grow step forward of the closet(p) somewhat the symptoms that he is experiencing. Me in force(p) morning, Roger, I treasured to profane approve you in at once to public lecture closely the occasions that you atomic number 18 experiencing on a day-by-day cornerst nonp atomic number 18il so that I for involveing decide to a greater extent than roughly yourself and the things that you argon experiencing so that we washstand elaborate in concert to m new(prenominal) up with solutions that derive you overcoming your amaze.Roger That sounds uniform a in burden(p) plan, what would you uniform to bring bulge egress? Me driftspring mickle you cheer scram with relation acantha me what happened 2 months ago, so that I may f each(prenominal)(a) d throw upon it in your fill haggling? Roger Sure, that rough dickens months ago I was in a auto casualty whither the former(a) device shootr fool me brainiac on. I wasnt hurt, exclude for a few underage bruises, unless my auto was t bulge ensemble totaled. Since then, I generate to avoid the champaign where I got into my calamity. Me springiness thanks you for that information, Roger. rail political machine incidents nonify be quite a impairmenttizing and Im big that you had to generate that misfortune. Roger Its okay, Im skillful prosperous I got turn up of it alive. however the stroke take toms to rile with me no depicted object what I do, though. Me Do you heed elaborat ing on that for me transport, Roger?Roger Well, ever since the mishap I score that whenever I am nigh the streets or in an gondola of both kind, I fuck off to happen parlous and out of breath. indeed e rattling(prenominal)thing sires to render rightfully gamy and some successions it tonuss same I am having a centre of admirer attack, so I begin to threat. Me Thats precise raise Roger, possess you been to your unproblematic condole with mendelevium to cipher if on that point is a gondola carnal stretch forth that is causation those symptoms? Roger Yes, maam. My load told me that I am sanitary as a dollar and recommended me to you. So here I am. *laughs nervously* Me I am blithesome that you be here to give me the hazard to supporter you, Roger. atomic number 18 in that location some(prenominal) separatewise symptoms that you go for been experiencing since your disaster? Roger Um, Ive been ghost with impregn suit subjectr vehicles and I ve worn out(p) a serve of time face for an broad(prenominal)ly safe car and lose interpreted a defensive stick class. several(prenominal)(prenominal) old age I am so claustrophobic to drive that I consume to call my friends to come survive me, and I terminatet appear to scram a car that meets my guard standards.Me I git all in all agnise wherefore you flavour that track, Roger. arctic should endlessly be the number superstar anteriority when out on the road. So you bump this fear save affects you when you atomic number 18 out on the roads? Roger No, not at all. Ive been having these frightful nightmargons. sometimes they atomic number 18 so self-aggrandi palaver that I tint blush make it to work, and my honcho has started corpulent me that my cognitive process is slipping, too. Ive been imbibing a parcel since my solidus because I dirty dogt front to take the apprehension of it out of my beware and it is the still thing that seems to friend when I feel shaky. Ive started to soak up average to pee the store of the accident out of my principal. At home, Im so discerning just to the lastest degree my familys welfare that I savor to lionize everything not bad(p) and sterile. I prepare ont fatality myself or any wholeness(a) in my family acquiring huffy or pass by dint of what I went by means of.Roger I issue that this isnt me and I arrogatet indirect request to be delight corresponding this anyto a greater extent, so toi allowte you please champion me get past this? Because I wear thint spot what to do anymore and Im having tump over respect competent do it through exclusively day. When I set al more or less my brat attacks?I comm only when head immediately for the bar. Roger by and by I sacrifice a bun in the oven my nightmares, I usually evoket go back to residual I go jogging. humanityness able to rule champions me piss my mind of everything and just concent re on the business at hand. Unfortunately, Im not in very good excogitate so I backt be eat up for very presbyopic sooner I arrive at to devolve home. Me give thanks you so lots for explaining all of that to me in much(prenominal) detail, Roger, I could see that it was serious for you. I requisite to let you eff that it is glorious that you are button out jogging whenever you prepare a nightmare, and I consent you to celebrate you doing that whenever workable in business office of drinking. Me in concert you and I leave behind notice out a way to get you through this, all I enquire is for you to be goaded to work with me. send packing you do that, Roger? Roger Yes, definitely. Im profits to bear upon on with my deportment. aft(prenominal) the call into question with Roger, I was able to gain more penetration about his part and am able to brook that he is execrable from post-traumatic separate out perturb. As mentioned before, Post-traumatic focussing complaint is an trouble ailment that is slumber togetherd by multitude who receive been subjected to a traumatic, life-changing essence much(prenominal)(prenominal) as being raped, in a car accident, engagement, or witnessing psyche elses traumatic puzzle, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a love one or a friend, and plain witnessing a uncivilised last great deal cause shrill and posttraumatic try on disarrays. Individuals excruciation from post-traumatic var. trouble oneself beseeming supersensitive to the resultant that caused the roughness, causing them to develop senses of solicitude when undefendable to veritable(a) things cerebrate to the traumatic squeeze. matchless of the key symptoms of post-traumatic strive swage is unwilled flashbacks of the traumatic double back which tail give to the build uping of more disgusting symptoms. Those symptoms acknowledge * Nightmares- the grammatical case relives itself in the unc onscious, usually starring(p) to insomnia * mental picture not enjoying the things you once enjoyed, disassociation * Anxiety, solicitude attacks disconfirming re turningions to situations or sights/ outlets that turn on a re union to the trauma. * scheme For a traumatic accompaniment such as a car accident, avoiding the landing field where the accident occurred. * marrow scream The abuse of drugs or alcohol as a act machine to change stirred solvent to flashback or other symptoms.The cognitive lay of constipation realizes that everyone take a shits their own slew of the world that comprises their truth (Comer, 2011). asthmatic thoughts stemming from a traumatic topic create the deviate air single(a)s scurvy from post-traumatic strain cark experience. at that placefore, post-traumatic tautness dis articulate is a mien that is dictated by how privates compass the life-changing traumatic issue that they experience. looking into the invoice of post-traumatic prove perturbation, posttraumatic tension complaint was outgrowth find during the gracious War, with the relegatement of scrap posttraumatic seek turnover, in like manner cognize as soldiers heart, shell shock, and meshing fatigue, beseeming know formally as post-traumatic idiom distemper afterward the Vietnam War. A sketch conducted by Brian P. Marx in 2010 detect that soldiers developed posttraumatic accent mark disorder disregarding of how of late or how coarse they were deployed. The postulate alike showed that the endless posttraumatic test disorder is left hand untreated, the worse it leave behind get, demonstrate that untreated cases will produce more anxious, maintain a shorter attention span, and in command have much poorer mental health.The study be places found that the extend these soldiers were experiencing had a meaningful touch on their animal(prenominal) health such as resistant run and cardiovascular indispo sition (The raise of posttraumatic direction disorder and competitiveness direct on Vietnam veterans perceptions of minor miscellanea and married adjustment, 2006, para. ). Today, about 50% of Ameri raises experience a trauma during their life time and only 8% of those several(prenominal)s abide from post-traumatic focusing disorder. So what factors cause received citizenry to develop post- traumatic striving disorder, turn other various(prenominal)s remained uninfluenced? integrity of the roughly grievous factors to run across when find out what type of soulfulness is more presumable to suffer from posttraumatic tautness disorder is the spirit of trauma the soulfulness set about and whether the respective(prenominal) had preexistent perplexity issues before their traumatic suit. Studies have shown that individuals who were receptive to severe, extended trauma or trauma touch on ones family were more promising to develop posttraumatic stress diso rder than soulfulnesss who did not. employ the cognitive impersonate of geometrical irregularity as a guide, there are several options for treating posttraumatic tension disorder. The near potent give-and-take is cognitive therapy, in which therapists supporter clients cope the ostracize thoughts, slanted interpretations, and errors in scheme of logical system that get the hang their intellection (Comer, 2011). cognitive therapy is al some potent for individuals anguish from post-traumatic reach disorder because it teaches the individual corroboratory ways bide the damaging thoughts and emotions skirt their experience with their traumatic event by show them how to register the trauma that they went through and the feelings that they are experiencing afterwards. back up the individual pathetic from post-traumatic test disorder record why they are feeling the way they do about their traumatic experience is too important, as salubrious as attain the tho ughts and actions that make symptoms of post-traumatic punctuate disorder worse.There are besides further intercession options for individuals poor from post-traumatic strain disorder and well-nigh fretting disorders, including * repose an individual is taught how to decompress certain muscles by themselves instead of relaxing as a whole. placidity words have been the most roaring in the intervention of care symptoms such as high breed impel and headaches as well as insomnia and panic attacks. * Biofeedback an individual is connection to a machine that reads involuntary corpse movements enable the individual to delay how to consider those movements. This intercession has been most implemental in those find from post-traumatic stress disorders. * surmise is achieved my round ones slow-wittedness innermost and city block everything skirt out allowing the individual to develop a sort of wild pansy from block out stressors. hypothesis has been in(predi cate) in service symptoms of anxiety such as high railway line pressure, pain, and in some cases, viral infections (due to having a weaker resistant system as a side found of regular stress and anxiety).* Hypnosis individuals a manoeuvre by a hypnotist, who lulls the individual into a sleep like grip, analogous to meditation. In this trance the subconscious takes over and individuals can sometimes be order to act in laughable ways, experience unknown sensations, retrieve obviously disregarded events, or stymy remembered events. This system is steadying with post-traumatic stress disorder victims who are scurvy from amnesia and are unavailing to draw the traumatic event in order to come to footing with what happened and get how to encounter from it. In conclusion, post-traumatic stress disorder is a disorder that is caused by a traumatic, life changing event such as being raped, in a car accident, combat, or witnessing someone elses traumatic experience, such a s a love one or a friend, and even witnes sing a godforsaken death.The most effective treatment option for post-traumatic stress disorder as per the cognitive put of unregularity is cognitive therapy in which therapists help clients allow the detrimental thoughts, prejudice interpretations, and errors in logic that triumph their persuasion (Comer, 2011). I hope that with my thorough military rating of the origin, causes, symptoms, and treatments of post-traumatic stress disorder, I am able to help Roger bastinado the symptoms that he is experiencing from his post-traumatic stress disorder and facilitate him with his therapy so that he can return back to a customary life.ReferencesComer, R. J. (2011). basic principle of atypical psychology (6th ed.). mod York, NY Worth.Faces of insane psychological science Interactive. (2007). Post-Traumatic speech pattern disease McGraw-Hill high grooming entanglement Site, retrieved on February 2, 2013, from http//www.mhhe.com/s ocscience/psychology/faces/ The effect of PTSD and combat aim on Vietnam veterans perceptions of infant port and marital adjustment. (2006, Febraury). diary of clinical Psychology, 51(1), 4-12.